470 FOREST CULTURE AND 
flower-buds can be used almost like cloves, the berries 
like allspice. Several other aromatic species are eli- 
gible for test-culture. 
Capparis sepiaria, Linné.—From India to the Phil- 
ippine Islands, ascending to cool elevations and living 
in arid soil. A prickly bush, excellent for hedges. 
Dr. Cleghorn mentions, also, as hedge- plants C. 
horrida, L. fil.), C. aphylla, Roth, C. Roxburghii, 
Cand., some of which yield also capers. 
Caragana arborescens, Lamarck. — The Pea-tree of 
Siberia. The seeds are of culinary value, but partic- 
ularly used for feeding fowl. The leaves yield a blue 
dye. (Dr. Rosenthal.) 
Carex arenaria, Linné. — Europe and North Asia. 
One of the most powerful of sedges for subduing roll- 
ing sand, not attracting pasture animals by its foliage. 
Carissa Arduina, Lamarek.—South Africa. A.shrub 
with formidable thorns, well- adapted for boundary 
lines of gardens, where rapidity of growth is not an 
object. Quite hardy at Melbourne. C. ferox, E. 
Meyer, and C. grandiflora, A. de Cand., are allied 
plants of equal value. The East Australian, C. Brow- 
nii (F. von. Mueller), can be similarly utilized. The 
flowers of all are very fragrant. C. Carandas, Linné, 
extends from India to China ; its berries are edible. 
Carum nigrum, Royle.—Himalaya. With C. gra- 
cile this yields caraway-like fruits. 
Carum Bulbocastanum, Koch.—Middle and South 
Europe, North Africa, Middle Asia, on lime-stone 
soil. The tuberous rocts serve as a culinary vegeta- 
ble, the fruits as a condiment. . 
Carum Capense, Sonder.—South Africa, where the 
edible, somewhat aromatic root is called Fenkelwortel, 
