526 FOREST CULTURE AND 
March and April. To prevent exhaustion only alter- 
nate fruiting is allowed. 
Copernicia cerifera, Martius. — Brazil. This mag- 
nificent Fan-Palm, like so many others of this noble 
order, may prove hardy in our latitudes. The stem 
furnishes starch, the sap yields sugar, the fibers of the 
leaves are converted into ropes, which resist decay in 
water, and can also be used for mats, hats, baskets, 
and brooms, and many other articles are prepared 
from the leaves. The inner part of the leaf-stalks 
serves asa substitute for cork. Mainly, however, this 
palm is valued for its Carnauba-wax. Each tree fur- 
nishes about four pounds annually. In 1862, no less 
than 2,500,000 pounds were imported into Great 
Britain, realizing about £100,000. 
Cryptomeria Japonica, Don. —In the Azores, pre- | 
ferred even to the Pinus Haleppensis for timber cul- 
ture, on account of its still more rapid growth in that 
insular clime. 
Cupressus macrocarpa, Hartw. — California, from 
Monterey to Noyo, in the granite as well as sandstone 
formation, sometimes in Sphagnum moors. Attains 
a height of 50 feet. One of the best shelter-trees on 
sea-sands, naturally following the coast-line, never 
extending many miles from the shores, and occurring 
in loealities where the temperature does not rise above 
80° F., nor sink below the freezing point (Bolander). 
Cupressus Nutkeensis, Lamb. —The Yellow Cedar 
or Cypress of Alaska and the neighboring States. 
Timber hard, durable, tough, and close, also scented ; 
worked with ease. Can be trimmed for hedge-growth. 
Cycas Normanbyana, F. v. Mueller. —Another noble 
Queensland species, deserving introduction, and ca- 
