528 FOREST CULTURE AND 
Mr. Bernardini. FF. ornus is well adapted for a prom-< 
enade-tree, and is earlier in foliage than F. excelsior, 
F. Americana, and most other ash-trees. 
Hibiscus cannabinus, Linné. — Stems up to 12 feet 
high, without ramification, if closely sown. Rich 
soil on the Nile has yielded over 3,000 pounds of clear 
fiber in one harvest. The bearing strength is often 
found to be more than of the Sunn-fiber. 
Lupinus arboreus, Sims. *—South America. This 
and another somewhat shrubby species, namely L. 
albiflorus, Bentham, of California, haye been used 
there for the reclamation of sand, on account of their 
long tap-roots, the latter having been traced to depths 
of 25 feet, while the stems were only 3 feet high. 
The germination is easy and the growth rapid on the 
sand-dunes. For aiding the young Lupins, for the 
first two months, to get hold of the sand, barley is 
sown with them, as the latter sprouts in a few days 
and holds the sand in the second week; the Lupin 
subsequently covers the sand with a dense vegetation 
in less than a year. 
Maclura aurantiaca, Nuttall. —It resists severe frosts. 
The saplings furnish stakes for vines, which are very 
lasting. The wood serves well for bows, buggy-shafts, 
carriage - poles, and similar articles. The root yields 
an excellent dye. M. tinctoria, D. Don, which fur- 
nishes the fustic-wood of Central and South America, 
may prove hardy here. 
Medicago lupulina, Linné. — The Black Medick. 
Europe, Asia, and North America. An annual or 
biennial pasture-herb, easily grown, and not without 
nutritive importance. <A variety of M. sativa (M. me- 
dia, Pers.), deserves preference for sand-tracts. 
