580 FOREST CULTURE AND : 
is a large-grained perennial millet from Abyssinia and 
Nepaul. 
Panicum virgatum, Linné.—North America, South 
Asia, and North Australia. A tall perennial species, 
with a wide, nutritious panicle. 
Papophorum commune, F. vy. Mueller. — Widely 
dispersed over the continent of Australia; also in 
some parts of Asia and Africa. Perennial ; regarded 
as a very fattening pasture- grass, and available for 
arid localities. 
Pinus contorta, Dougl. (P. Bolandri, Parlatore.)— 
Also abundant on the mountains of Colorado, and 
very eligible for clothing rocky hill-sides (Meehan). 
In California it forms dense thickets along the coast, 
and is, in this respect, as valuable as P. Laricio, P. 
pinaster, and P. Haleppensis in Europe. 
Pinus Douglasii, Sabine. — Called also the Yellow 
Pine of Puget Sound, where it yields the principal 
timber for export, and is therefore of great commer- 
cial value in the lumber-trade. The maximum height 
known is 400 feet; the greatest diameter of the stem 
14 feet. The timber is fine and clear-grained, splendid 
for masts and spars, also for flooring, being for that 
purpose regarded as the best of California woods (Bo- 
lander). Itis the strongest wood on the North Pacific 
coast, both in horizontal strain and perpendicular press- 
ure. Sub-alpine localities here should be extensively 
planted with this famous tree. It requires deep and 
rich soil, but likes shelter; its growth at the rate of 
the larch, and passes in various localities as black and 
red spruce. P. Lambertiana yields also much of the 
flooring-wood of California. 
Pinus edulis, Engelmann.—The Nut Pine of New 
