CONTENTS 



Page 



Introduction 15 



Point of view 15 



Early collectors 16 



Later collectors 19 



Routes of early travel 20 



Topography 24 



Mountain ranges and altitudes 24 



Geology and soils 34 



Rivers and drainage.... 35 



Climate 39 



Precipitation .' 39 



Relative humidity 45 



Temperature 49 



Migrations 62 



Fossil forms 62 



Alpine flora 64 



Transcontinental species 66 



The eastern element 66 



The western element 68 



The southern element 73 



General forest aspects.. 75 



The species 76 



Sectional areas 78 



Forest zones and formations 95 



The foothill transition forests 101 



The "slide-rock" succession 114 



The humid transition western valleys. 118 



The mountain forests. 137 



The summits 159 



Summary 169 



Literature . . 175 



