PREFACE. XI 



Armstrong College, Newcastle, for kindly looking over the 

 MS. previous to sending it to the publishers, and also for 

 discussing many of the practical points with me. 



I am specially indebted to Commander J. J. Walker, R.N., 

 Oxford, for kindly correcting the final proofs. 



With reference to the illustrations, for the loan of blocks or 

 electros I am indebted to Messrs Sampson, Low, Marston, 

 & Co., Ltd., for figs. 14, 16, 20, and 21; to Professor Miall 

 for fig. 18 ; to Messrs L. Peeve & Co. for figs. 39, 41', and 42 ; 

 to the Ray Society for figs. 202 and 210, and also for 

 granting permission to photograph figs. 213, 214, 280, 282, 

 284, 287, and 311 ; to Messrs Headley Brothers for figs. 

 175, 221 , and 270 ; to the Proprietors of ' The Entomologist's 

 Monthly Magazine' for figs. 157, 158, and 159. Mr W. R. 

 Fisher has given me much encouragement from time to 

 time, and I have to thank him for receiving from Messrs 

 Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Ltd., the large number of blocks 

 viz., figs. 47, 48, 49, 50, 60, 61, 78, 79, 92, 121, 126, 127, 

 163, 164, 238, 239, 240, and 241. I also owe thanks to 

 Messrs Blackwood for figs. 45, 46, 72, 73, 79, 101, 102, 104, 

 and 245, from 'The Forester,' by Dr J. Nisbet. With the 

 exception of the figures taken from the valuable German 

 works, and acknowledged under each figure respectively, all 

 the others are original. 



Finally, I beg to say that I submit the knowledge con- 

 tained in the book with a feeling that I have just about the 

 necessary amount of knowledge to make a beginning rather 

 than a finish ; and I trust that the student will take up the 

 subject with the object of making a study of it on his own 

 account, and verify each point by observation and rearing. In 

 other words, the student must consider the work as an intro- 

 duction only. Further, there is the most important point left 



