COLEOPTERA SCOLYTID.E. 



129 



(! 



strongly asperate. Elytra strongly arched at the declivity, with rows 

 of deep punctures, and raised tuherculate interstices between them. 



" The season for flight is in May. The 

 9 bores into several kinds of broad-leaved 

 trees to lay her eggs, in preference below a 

 branch, but never near the ground, attack- 

 ing felled wood and young standing trees. 

 Fig. 128 represents the workings. 



" The larvse appear in June, pupate in 

 July in the secondary galleries, and the 

 beetles emerge in August. They hibernate in 

 the galleries, and there is only one generation. 

 This beetle is not everywhere common on 

 the Continent, and till recently it was re- 

 garded as one of the rarest British insects, 

 but since 1891 it has been destructive in V 



certain Gloucestershire fruit-orchards." l 



References to Literature consulted. 



Altum, Dr Bernard. Forstzoologie. 1875. 



Bar bey, A. Die Bostrichiden Central-Europas. 

 1901. 



Eichhoff, W. Die Europaischen Borkeukafer. 

 1881. 



Forbes, A. C. " The Bark-beetles of the Ash " 

 Trans. High, and Agr. Soc. Soot. 1899. 



Fowler, Rev. Canon. British Coleoptera, vol. v. 

 1891. 



Fiirst, Dr Hermann. The Protection of Wood- 

 lands. 1893. 



Hopkins, A. D. Insect Enemies of the Spruce. 

 U.S.A. Bulletin, No. 28. 1901. 



Judeich unci Nitsche. Lehrbuch der Mittel- 

 europaischen Forstinsektenkunde. 1895. 



Nusslin, Dr Otto. Leitfaden der Forstinsekten- 

 kunde. 1905. 



Ormerod, Miss E. A. A Manual of Injurious 

 Insects. 1890. 



Somerville, Dr W. "The Pine Beetle" (Hyhsinus piniperda L.) Trans. 

 High, and Agr. Soc. Scot. 1891. 



Fig. 12S. Bwrrows o/Xyleborus 

 dispar in an oak sapling (nat- 

 ural size). 



a, entrance-hole, usually under 

 a twig ; b, mother-galleries ; 

 c, commencement of lateral 

 galleries ; il, completed lateral 

 galleries, in which the larvae 

 lie. (Figures and explanation 

 from Fisher's 'Forest Pro- 

 tection.') 



1 Forest Protection, by W. R. Fisher : Schlich's Manual of Forestry. 1907. Cf. 

 Miss Ormerod's report on this very interesting beetle, 1889, pp. 92-98 ; quoted in 

 Fowler, vol. v. p. 448. 



I 



