HYMENOPTERA OAK GALLS. 163 



method of sowing the acorns direct, the better sylvicultural method, 

 and one which will overcome gall insect - pests, is to transplant in 

 nursery-lines good seedlings at one year old, because at this age we 

 get a better root in proportion to the top than at two years. Then 

 if growth is vigorous in the nursery-lines, transplant the very best 

 specimens only the following year into the mixed wood, together with 

 the more hardy nurses, or otherwise in a young wood, where the 

 nurses have been planted as an ameliorating species in advance. 

 The remainder of the oaks in the nursery-lines, which will obviously 

 improve as the result of " quartering," may also be planted out in 

 the young wood during the following year. 



Of course it must be borne in mind that the above remarks apply 

 only to planting extensively, and under the protection of wire- 

 netting. 



References to Literature consulted. 



Adler and Stratton. Alternating Generations : A Study of Oak Galls and Gall- 

 Flies. 1891. 



Cameron, Peter. A Monograph of the British Phytophagous Hymenoptera. 

 Vol. iv. Ray Society. 1893. 



Cameron, Peter. Galls of Mid-Cheshire. Manchester Mic. Soc. 1891. 8 pp., 

 1 P 1. 



Fitch, E. A. The Galls of Esses. Trans. Essex Field Club. 



Gardeners' Chronicle. Articles on Galls from 1854. 



Lubbock, Sir John. Origin and Metamorphosis of Insects. 1876. 



Mosley, S. L. Yorkshire Galls. Naturalist, Sept. 1892. 



Romanes, G. J. Darwin and after Darwin. Pt. I. 1892. 



