176 FOREST ENTOMOLOGY. 



brood over the winter. Of course it is possible that this may be 

 by no means considered the first appearance in the county, or in 

 fact any reliable guide as to dates for the country generally, as 

 (fortunately) it is not very plentiful in Northumberland. 



The females deposit their eggs on the leaves, and the larvae hatch 

 out in from two to three weeks. 



The larva?, when full fed, are about 25 mm. long. The general 

 colour of the body is a light yellowish-green. The head is light- 

 brown. At every pro-leg are two black dots, and often black dots 

 are conspicuously scattered over the body. 



The pupae, or rather the pupal cases, are very hard and brown. 

 The male puparia are about 10 mm. long by 5 broad. The female 



Fig.163. Lopliyrnspini, Pine saw-fly Fig. 164. Lophyrus pini, Pine saw-fly 



{male). (From 'Forest Protection,' (female). (From 'Forest Protection,' 



by W. R. Fisher.) by W. R. Fisher.) 



puparia are about 15 mm. long by about 7 broad. The perfect 

 insects escape by a lid, but if the pupa has been parasitised, the 

 parasite simply escapes by a minute circular opening. 



The male (fig. 163) has a wing expansion of 15 mm. ; body black, 

 legs testaceous, with black femorae ; antenna? doubly pectinated. The 

 female (fig. 164) has a wing expansion of 20 mm. The head and 

 thorax are darkish-brown, and singly serrated antennae. The middle 

 portion of the abdomen is strongly banded black, while the portions 

 above and below this black band are, on careful examination, double 

 bands of yellow mixed with black. The upper wing has one radial 

 and four cubital cellules. 



Life - history. As before stated, the life - history is somewhat 

 variable. In a general way it may be said that the female (which 



