COCCIJXE. 



209 



ear -shaped (pyriform) and white, with exuviae at the anterior 

 xtremity. Under a pocket lens the two larval moults may he 

 istinctly recognised. The male puparium is elongate, and composed 

 [most entirely of a pure white secretion, with the yellowish larval 

 mult at the anterior extremity. 



Chionaspis salicis (Linn.) 



The scales of this species are very common on ash, willow, and 

 ther trees. In some parts of the country, notahly in mid-Cheshire, 

 ve find young ash-trees from six to eighteen years 

 f age, and osiers from four years and upwards, 

 ompletely covered with these scales. They are 

 omparatively small, and if accurately measured 

 would probably be about 

 75 mm. in length. 



A cursory examination 

 shows that two forms of 

 scale appear on the stems 

 the male form (fig. 203) 

 and the female form (fig. 

 204). Sometimes we find 

 both sexes on the same 

 tree, at other times only 

 females are found. In 

 those cases where the 

 male form preponderates, 

 a whitish appearance is 

 presented, as in fig. 203, 

 where the male scales, or 

 puparia as they are called, entirely cover the bark of the young stem. 

 Those two forms, as seen collectively by the naked eye in figs. 203 

 and 204, and individually magnified in fig. 205 (7 and 3), represent 

 the male and female forms of Chionaspis salicis. 



If we lift a perfect female scale any time during the winter 

 months, turn it over, and examine the under side with a lens, or as 

 an opaque object with an inch objective, a considerable number of 

 beautiful red eggs will be noticed (fig. 205 (4)). In my younger days, 

 when working in the woods, I have often rubbed my thumb-nail 



o 





Fig. 203. Male scales of 

 Chionaspis salicis on 

 bark of a young ash- 

 tree. 



Fi 



4. Female scales 

 of Chionaspis salicis 

 on stem of a five-year- 

 old balsam poplar. 



