LEPIDOPTERA. 



245 



The pupa is of a bright chestnut colour, with the wing-cases 

 and antenna? rather long and free from the body. In the in- 



Fig. 225. Timber of goal willow injured by larva o/Trochiliuni 

 beinbeciformis. 



a, cross section. b, longitudinal section. 



Fig. 220. Pupalcase (/Trochilium 

 bembecifomiis projecting from 

 trunk after the escape of the moth. 



terior of the wood it is encased in a strong cocoon of white silk 

 and gnawings of wood. After the moths hatch out, the empty 

 pupal cases may be found lying in 

 the hatching-box, or otherwise pro- 

 jecting from the stem, as in fig. 

 226. 



The moth, fig. 227, has a wing 

 expanse of 1^ to 1| inch. Wings 

 transparent, costal edge dark orange- 

 brown, and nervures dark -brown. 

 Head dark -brown. Abdomen dark- 

 brown, with conspicuous yellow bars 

 across the abdomen. Antenna? black, rather short and stout 



Fig. 227. Trochilium bembeciformis 

 (Hornet Cher-Whig of the osier). 



Legs 



an orange-brown. 



Cossus ligniperda, Fab. (Goat Moth). 



The larva? of the goat moth are often very injurious to various 

 species of trees, as, for example, oak, elm, ash, willow, and poplar. In 

 Cheshire I twice hatched it from oak gate-posts. It may be termed 

 a south-country species, as it generally does not occur north of York- 



