286 FOREST ENTOMOLOGY. 



The first time I found this species in abundance was on a holm oak 

 (fig. 273) close to Checker House Station, when walking with the Man- 

 chester Microscopical Society to Sherwood Forest, and after finding 

 the respective stages of the insect I made the following note : 



"May 9, 1896. Leaves considerably damaged ; effect of damage 

 shown on both sides of leaves, but most conspicuous on under side. 

 Larva mines between under epidermis and thick fleshy part of leaf. 

 The parenchymatous part of leaf not eaten, therefore upper surface 

 appears brown and leathery, but not showing ' thin ' as under side. 



Fig. 273. Injuries to foliage of holm oak (Quercus ilex) by larva' o/Lithocolletis messaniella. 



" Larva. Full fed are rare to find at present, now principally 

 pupae. Length 4 mm. When young fiattish, and round when full- 

 grown. Colour of first four segments white, with darkish head ; 

 remainder of segments saffron colour. The six thoracic legs short, 

 and first pair longest. Pseudo-legs not very conspicuous. 



" Pupa. 5 mm. long; dark-brown colour. Passes pupal stage in 

 leaf. Very active, wriggling about at posterior end. Antennae nearly 

 full length of chrysalis. The projection beyond attachment, and 

 active anal end shows irregular ' forked ' end. Side view shows pupa 

 has pointed horn and bent awl-shaped. 



