LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



FIG. PAGE 



1. About 10,000 cords of pulpwood bolts, Hinckley, New York 19 



2. A pulp mill with a capacity of 60 tons of pulp in twenty-four hours 25 



3. A four-pocket grinder used to reduce wood bolts to fiber by the mechanical process . . 34 



4. Grinder room in a large pulp mill containing 24 wood grinders of the three-pocket type 36 



5. Wood chipper used to reduce the bolts of wood to chips for use in the manufacture of 



chemical pulp 39 



6. Digester used to cook chips in the manufacture of sulphite pulp 42 



7. Wet machine or press the final step in the manufacture of paper pulp 44 



8. Beating machines 52 



9. Fourdrinier wire, the most specialized machine in the manufacture of paper 54 



10. Diaphragm plate screen tilted for washing 55 



it. The end of the drier, the calender stack, reels, rewinder and cutter 56 



12. Peeling hemlock bark in North Carolina 62 



13. Hauling and loading hemlock bark in the Southern Appalachian Mountains 67 



14. Method of hauling hemlock bark in Garrett Co., Maryland 69 



15. A large leather tannery at Andrews, North Carolina 74 



16. A peeling operation on tanbark oak near Sherwood, California 76 



17. Rotary veneer machine in operation 91 



1 8. Rotary veneer machine showing the lugs on which the log is turned and the veneer 



knife 97 



19. A veneer slicing machine in operation, cutting Circassian walnut veneers 100 



20. Making sawed veneers 102 



21. Sheets of veneered heading used for barrels 103 



22. A hollow die stamping machine used for making fruit-basket tops, novelties, etc. ... 106 



23. Sawing up cores left after making rotary veneers at the Weed Lumber Co., Weed, 



California 109 



24. The "U" plan of veneer mfll in 



25. Diagram illustrating the utilization of a log for quartered flitches 113 



26. Stave cutter 1 16 



27. Method of cutting logs of various diameters into stave bolts 120 



28. Ground plan of slack cooperage plant 122 



29. The Trevor stave bolt equalizer 124 



30. Barrel stave saw and stave bolts ready to be sawn at Batesville, Arkansas 125 



31. Heading sawing machine 128 



32. First step in assembling a barrel 130 



xiii 



