38 FOREST PRODUCTS 



COST OF PRODUCING GROUND WOOD PULP 

 Items Cost per Ton of Pulp 



Wood $7.oo-$n.oo 



Labor 2 . 50- 2 . 75 



Repairs i .00- i . 25 



Water (storage, rent, dams, etc.) .. 75- .90 



Grinding stones 15- .18 



Felts 12- .15 



Wire, screens, etc 08- . n 



Miscellaneous, overhead, etc 5 . oo- 6 . oo 



$i6.6o-$22.34 



In a report submitted to the Newsprint Service Bureau, May 13, 

 1919, the cost per ton of producing mechanically ground wood pulp 

 was put at $26.90. 



Under the item, miscellaneous, are included a great many costs not 

 included elsewhere, such as oil, fuel, general overhead charges, such as 

 taxes, interest, insurance, depreciation, selling charges, commissions, 

 etc. 



Mechanically ground pulp can be produced much cheaper than any 

 other forms of pulp but it is the most inferior in grade, printing quality, 

 strength and durability. 



THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHITE PULP 



More wood is reduced to pulp by the sulphite method than by any 

 other process. As already noted, there are three processes of chemical 

 reduction, namely, the sulphite, sulphate, and soda. The sulphite is by 

 far the most important of these. In 1916 there were reduced by the 

 sulphite method 2,856,122 cords of wood which represents more than 50 

 per cent of the total amount consumed in that year. Nearly two- thirds 

 of all the wood used for sulphite pulp was composed of spruce of which 

 there were 1,803,217 cords. The remainder was composed of hemlock, 

 balsam fir, and white fir. Most of the white fir is reduced by this process. 

 Practically no hardwoods are reduced to pulp by the sulphite method. 



The sulphite method of manufacturing wood pulp in its general aspects 

 is practically the same the world over and varies only in minor details and 

 with the local conditions in each pulp mill. 



The wood is prepared by practically the same process of preparation 

 as has been described in the case of manufacture by the mechanical 



