WOOD PULP AND PAPER 47 



In the summer of 1916 No. i spruce sulphite pulp brought $65.00 

 per ton, No. i hemlock sulphite pulp, $58.00 per ton, bleached sulphite 

 pulp, $97.00 per ton and screenings, $16.00 per ton. 



THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHATE PULP 



The manufacture of pulp by the sulphate process represents the most 

 recent development in the chemical reduction of wood fibers. The 

 process really dates from 1883 when Dahl introduced the soda treatment 

 on straw. A short time thereafter it was used in connection with wood. 

 It is now used chiefly on those conifers which do not lend themselves 

 readily to reduction by the other processes. The high resinous content 

 of many of our most abundant forest trees cut for lumber has been 

 the great deterring factor in the use of these woods for paper pulp. 

 Great success has recently been attained in the reduction of southern 

 yellow pine and other saw-mill waste which heretofore had been largely 

 a total loss. Since the greatest waste in all forest industries occurs in 

 saw-mill and logging operations, and since our greatest lumber opera- 

 tions are in southern yellow pine and Douglas fir forests, this method holds 

 great promise for the future. 



In 1916, 144,631 cords of wood were reduced by the sulphate process. 

 The largest single amount was made up of southern yellow pine, of which 

 36,711 cords were reduced by this process. Hemlock composed 28,372 

 cords, tamarack 29,065 cords and balsam fir 10,150 cords. 



The preparation of the wood for reduction by this process is the same 

 as for the sulphite method. The boiling is done with a solution of caustic 

 soda containing small amounts of sulphate and sulphide of soda. The 

 sulphate of soda is used as the source of alkali and sodium sulphide in an 

 incineration process. 



The successful manufacture of kraft paper, a strong, brown wrapping 

 paper from sulphate pulp, offers every indication of a large development 

 in the South where a relatively cheap and plentiful supply of raw wood 

 material is available. 



Sulphate pulp has recently been imported from the Scandinavian 

 countries to the amount of over 36,000 tons annually and kraft paper 

 itself to the amount of over 22,000 tons yearly. Sufficient wood waste 

 is said to be available in the southern states to manufacture at least 10,000 

 tons of kraft paper per day. 



The sulphate process, in contrast to conditions obtaining in this coun- 

 try, has superseded the soda process in Europe several years ago and is 



