370 FOREST PRODUCTS 



shingles are treated by the open tank process, about 10 Ib. of preserva- 

 tive being applied to each bundle of shingles. The absorption should 

 not be so great as to cause the running of preservative oil from the 

 shingle on unusually warm days. 



4. Staining. Stains are usually some compound of creosote applied 

 to the shingle. They are not very efficient and also have a strong objec- 

 tionable odor. 



The following costs are customarily involved in the preservative 

 treatment of shingles: 



Impregnation with creosote (open tank or pressure treat- 

 ment), per thousand $i . 25 to i . 75 



Dipping in creosote, per thousand 60 to i . 50 



Shingle stains, per .gallon . 40 to i . oo 



Brush treatment, once after laying, per 100 sq. ft .... .60 to i.oo 



Brush treated, twice after laying, per 100 sq. ft. .40 to .90 



SHAKE MAKING 



Shakes are split shingles and were in very common use up to the 

 advent of the sawed shingle. In remote forest regions shakes are still 

 made and used for roofing and siding mountain cabins and other build- 

 ings. Wherever transportation facilities are provided, sawed shingles 

 compete successfully with shakes as they can be produced much cheaper. 



Shakes are now made in isolated mountain regions in California, 

 the Northwest, and in the southern Appalachian Mountains. In Cal- 

 ifornia many shakes are now made for tray bottoms, used in the drying 

 of fruits such as raisins, prunes, and apricots. The practice is rapidly 

 going out of existence, however. 



Shake making is generally condemned because it is extremely wasteful 

 of timber. Only the very best and most straight-grained trees which are 

 free from knots and other defects will rive. The shake maker, therefore, 

 often lowers the value of a forest stand in a serious way by taking out only 

 the largest and clearest timber of which only a small portion is utilized. 

 The experienced shake maker looks over the best trees and takes a test 

 chip or block out of one side of a tree. He continues this until he finds a 

 tree of the proper riving qualities. 



Sugar pine, redwood, and western red cedar make excellent shake 

 timber and all are commonly used in inaccessible districts of the West 

 where these trees are found. In the Southern Appalachians, chest- 



