INDEX 



451 



Cross ties, mechanical value, 294, 295 



, method of piling, illustration of, 289 



, number per thousand board feet, 279 



, purchased, 267 



, number used, 263, 264, 265, 267 



, preservative treatment, 292, 293 



, price levels, graphic representation of, 



294 



, prices of, 270 



, prices paid by Penna. Railroad, 273 



, requirements of good, 267 



requiring treatment, 276 



, sawed, 287 



, sawed versus hewed, 269 



, seasoning, 289 



, suitable timber for hewing, 278 

 , specifications, 270 

 , species used, 264 

 , stumpage values, 277, 278 



treated, number, 294 

 , triangular, 274 



, triangular, advantages and disad- 

 vantages of, 274 

 , , illustration of, 274 



used untreated, 276 

 Crozing barrels, 134 

 Cuba wood, 418 



Cuban pine for distillation, 227 



Cubic foot, equivalents, 16, 17 



, (round) equivalent, 15 



meter "au reel," 16 



meter, equivalent of, 16 

 Cucumber for pulp, 26, 29 

 Cummer-Diggins plant, distillation at Cadil- 

 lac, Mich., 208 



Cup and gutter systems, advantages of, 175, 

 176 



of collecting resin, 173 



, Herty, illustration of correct posi- 

 tion of, 1 74 

 Cutch, 86 



dye woods, 421 



Cutting a box for collection of resin, illus- 

 tration of, 1 66 



paper, 57 



Cylinder stave saw, speed of, 125 

 Cypress, amount for boxes, 251 



cross ties, amount, 267 



excelsior, 426 



hoops, 131 



lumber cut, 8 

 , value, 10 



Cypress poles, 301 



poles, amount, 303 

 , durability, 320 



posts, 326 



shingles, 553 



, durability, 369 

 , standing timber, 4 



ties, durability, 293 



used for tight cooperage, 146 



Dahl, introduction of process by, 47 

 Dalen, G., on paper technology, 158 

 Davis, C. T., on the manufacture of paper, 58 

 Decay in mine timbers, 335 

 Deerlodge National Forest, burning char- 

 coal, 240 



, mine timbers, cost of producing, 334 



, mine timbers from, 333 



Delaware, box lumber consumption, 252 



, wood fuel used, 339 



, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, 



mine timber specifications, 333 

 Depreciation charges at hardwood distilla- 

 tion plant, 215 



softwood distillation, plant, 230 



Derrick pole, equivalent, 15 



set (n pieces) equivalents, 15 

 Destructive distillation softwood, 227 

 Developments in distillation industry, 197 

 Digesters used in making soda pulp, 48 

 to cook chip in making sulphite pulp, 



photograph of, 42 



Dimensions of cross ties, illustration of, 275 

 Dipping from turpentine boxes, 172 



resin from box, illustration of, 173 

 Distillation, beech, birch and maple used 



for, illustration of, 100 

 , description of, 203 

 , destructive, softwood, 227, 228 



plant, hardwood, illustration of, 194, 198 

 , hardwood, cooling ovens, 209 



, , cost of operation, 216 



, , plant and equipment, 213 



, , depreciation charges, 215 



, , desirable species for, 192 



, , early practices of, 189 



, , favorable conditions for, 192 



, , history of, 189 



, , illustration of Cadillac, Mich., plant, 



202 

 , , oven and iron retorts used in, 200, 201 



