MANAGEMENT OF TEAK FORESTS. 19 



This condimental food only costs 4-8-0 a cwt., and in wet 

 weather would be found most excellent for elephants and 

 bullocks. When the grasses are young also, and very full of 

 sap, cattle are apt to purge from there being no salts in the 

 grasses; at such times coudimerital food is essential to 

 keep the animals in health. Three or four pounds daily or 

 more for elephants have a great result. As bullocks must 

 be kept in the forest, it is of importance to keep them in 

 health, the gram for them should always be pounded, or in 

 wet weather, they pass it whole, whether you give boiled 

 gram or soaked gram, pound it. I prefer soaked gram treated 

 as the barley, viz., germinated, then pounded. It is of the 

 utmost importance to keep your animals in good condition, 

 unless closely supervised ; the Mahout and bullock-drivers 

 starve their animals, and the work of the forest conies to a 

 dead lock. On the subject of saw-mills, I can only refer the Saw-mills, 

 reader to Major Campbell Walker's work, " Reports on 

 Forest management in Europe." I have no faith in ela- 

 borate arrangements within the forests. The fever and 

 other drawbacks soon render any machinery useless. In 

 North Canara where elaborate arrangements were made for 

 the introduction of the sawing machinery, the Engineer, soon 

 after arrival, died, what has happened to the scheme, I have 

 not been able to learn, but so long ago as 1860 I was con- 

 sulted about machinery driven by water-power, and I was 

 against it for the following reasons : 



list. Any skilled labor would be very liable to be lost 

 through fever. 



2nd. That sawing Teak, and sawing deal were two very 

 different matters, that it was very easy for an American to 

 go into forests with a saw on his shoulder, set up his mill Saw-mills. 

 in the forest, and saw away any amount of wood, having no 

 fear of fever before his eyes, but with Teak it was different, 

 the wood was not only very much harder than deal, but 

 was full of oil, the hardness of the wood caused the saw to 

 buckle, the oil clogged the saw. Mr. Groves, who had a 

 circular saw driven by water-power in the Segoor forest, was 



