CHAPTER VIII. 



FOREST PROTECTION. 



INJURIES TO TREES. 



The causes of injury to tree growth are many and various. 

 some affecting principally the cultivated trees in windbreaks and 

 shelterbelts, and others affecting the forest plantations and large 

 areas of timber. Some injure or destroy the trees or tree seeds, 

 and others do damage to the land on which they grow. 



Saw-Flies and Tent-Caterpillars. At piesent perhaps the 

 most serious injuries to cultivated trees in this section result 

 from the neglect to take precautions against leaf-eating insects. 

 such as saw-flies and tent-caterpillars. These injuries may be 



largely prevented by 

 the use of Paris Green. 

 in a liquid form, ap- 

 plied by means of a 

 force pump, using the 

 solutions from a barrel 

 carried in a wagon or 

 on a stone boat. An 

 ordinary spraying noz- 

 zle should be used, 

 with a sufficient length 

 of hose to reach up 

 into the tree. In order 

 to reach the tops of the 

 trees it may be neces- 

 sary to have a raised 

 platform iMi the wagon, 

 and to attach the noz- 



Figure 22. Elm tree that has been xle to thc end of a 1<mu 



planted five years and was pruned to bamboo pole. In most 



a hare- pole when ,d Ottt, 



} acticable. but with very hi",li trees il 

 entirely impracticable. 



is very difficult if not 



