158 ELEMENTARY FORESTRY. 



ment the pine will probably come in unless the land is very 

 heavily pastured. 



9. A. has 2,000 acres of land in Northern Minnesota without 

 any seeding trees. How can he secure a stand of pine upon the 

 land? 



Answer: In such a case the best way is probably to set out 

 pine seedlings, pulled from the woods, setting them about twenty 

 feet apart each way. This will require about 400 plants per acre. 

 If the work is done early in the spring there should be no great 

 trouble about securing a good stand. These trees will be 

 crowded by weeds on the land, which may help them to take an 

 upright growth, but they should be watched, and the weeds kept 

 in check, if they are liable to overcome them. After a few years 

 the pine will be improved by the crowding of poplar and hazel 

 brush, which is generally found upon such soil. 



10. A. has a half section of moderately good land, covered 

 with an even-aged growth of White and Norway Pine. He would 

 like to maintain a stand of pine on this tract, not that he thinks 

 it especially profitable, but that it would prove an interesting 

 experiment. 



Answer: Even-aged pine is very difficult of renewal without 

 clean cutting, and it is quite out of the question to handle such 

 tracts to advantage on the selection system. There is practically 

 no such thing as even-aged pine over large areas in this state. 

 It is probable that this land could be best renewed by the group 

 or strip methods. The land should be burned over clean after 

 cutting, care being taken to protect any good groups of seed- 

 lings that may occur. A stand of young seedlings should be 

 secured on each piece of land cut over before further cutting is 

 done. If grass or brush is coming in too fast, it will probably 

 be a good plan to go over the land with a log-drag in August of 

 the first good seeding year after cutting, so as to loosen the soil, 

 that the seed may have a good chance to start. Grass and weeds 

 often prevent the growth of pine seed, or even kill out the young 

 seedlings after they are started. 



11. A. would like to have a good shelterbelt about the build- 

 ings on his prairie farm, in central Minnesota, and would like if 

 it could be made to furnish fence posts and fuel. He could use 

 ten acres for this purpose. 



