202 TREES OF MINNESOTA. 



than the Scotch Pine, and in fifteen years will make a much 

 larger and more ornamental tree. Within and near its range it 

 is very valuable for ornamental purposes. 



The White Pine yields the most useful timber of the American 

 forests, it being especially valuable for sash, doors, blinds, shin- 

 gles, etc., and for a general-purpose timber in building and wood- 

 working. It is largely used in cooperage, railroad ties, pulp, 

 matches and excelsior making. From the bark is obtained the 

 compound syrup of White Pine now largely used in the United 

 States as an expectorant. 



Pinus flexilis. I/imber Pine. Western White Pine 



Leaves five in a sheath, somewhat rigid, sharp pointed and 

 densely crowded on the branchlets, falling during fifth and sixth 

 years. Cones cylindrical, tapering, three to rive inches long, 

 light brown; scales thick, one and one-quarter inches broad; 

 seeds one-third to one-half inch long, with six to nine cotyledons. 

 A handsome tree, about fifty feet high, resembling the common 

 White Pine, but of closer, stiffer habit and darker foliage. 



Distribution. Mountain ranges from Alberta to Western 

 Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California. 



Propagation. By seeds. 



Properties of Wood. Light, soft, close grained, compact; color, 

 light clear yellow, turning red on exposure; sapwood nearly 

 white. Specific gravity, 0.4358; weight of a cubic foot, 27.16 

 pounds. 



Uses. The Western White Pine is a handsome tree that is lit- 

 tle known in cultivation, but promises to be "of some value for 

 ornamental planting, and is doing very well at the Minnesota 

 Experiment Station, where it has been growing nine years. 



Pinus tesinosa. Red Pine. Norway Pine. 



Leaves five to six inches long, nearly cylindrical; in pairs from 

 long close sheaths, falling during fourth and fifth seasons. Cone 

 ovoid conical, with rounded base, about two inches long, falling 

 after shedding the seeds; scales of cone slightly thickened at the 

 end without any prickly points; seeds one-eighth of an inch long, 

 with from six to eight cotyledons. A very handsome, rapid- 

 growing, robust tree, with a straight, uniform trunk covered with 



