PINE. 211 



The wood of this tree is valuable for interior finishing, and is 

 largely used in Europe, where it is the common timber pine. 

 The celebrated pine of Norway and the Baltic countries is of tlrs 

 species. What has been termed the best form of this, and known 

 as Riga Pine, has been partially tried in this country, but thus far 

 its superiority has not been demonstrated. 



"This pine yields a considerable portion of the common 

 European turpentine. In Germany a fibrous substance is pre- 

 pared from the leaves of this and other species of Pinus and 

 Abies, called fir-wool, and a volatile oil is distilled from them 

 called fir-wool oil, which is considerably used as a remedy for 

 rheumatism, chronic catarrh, chronic skin diseases, etc.; in fact, 

 generally for the same purposes as the oil of turpentine. The 

 leaves are made into wadding and clothing (designated as fir- 

 wool from their origin), which are supposed to have some merit 

 in the treatment of rheumatic affections." 



Pinus laricio austriaca. Austrian Pine. Black Pine. 



Leaves two in a sheath, dark green, slender but rigid, four to 

 six inches long, falling during fourth and fifth seasons. Cones 

 two and one-half to three inches long, conical, not beaked. Tree 

 much more regular in outline than the Scotch Pine, the branches 

 coming out in a very regular, candelabra-like fashion. There 

 are a few cultivated varieties. 



Distribution. Native of southern and central Europe. 



Propagation. By seeds, seedlings require shading when 

 young. 



Properties of Wood. Light, soft, durable, very rich in turpen- 

 tine. Specific gravity, air dried, 0.57. 



Uses. The Austrian Pine is very desirable for planting in 

 this section, rather longer lived and perhaps hardier than the 

 Scotch Pine, and of a much darker color, resembling most 

 closely the Norway Pine. 



Pinus montana pumila. (/'. mug/ins.) Dwarf Pine. 

 Dwarf Mountain Pine. 



Leaves dark green, crowded, stiff, twisted, about two inches 

 long, falling during fifth, sixth and seventh years. Cones usually 

 in pairs, nearly two inches long, tapering, with slight points to 



