238 TREES OF MINNESOTA. 



lateral roots are produced which may be saved in transplanting. 

 It is desirable to plant the nuts where the trees are to remain. 



Juglans nigra. Black Walnut. 



Leaves twelve to twenty-four inches long, leaflets in seven 

 to eleven pairs, ovate-lanceolate, lower surface and petioles min- 

 utely glandular pubescent, aromatic when bruised. Fruit odorif- 

 erous, spongy, usually globose, but occasionally oval, solitary or 

 in pairs, one and one-half to two inches in diameter, with a 

 rough dotted surface not as deeply furrowed as the Butternut. A 

 large tree, sometimes 100 feet high and four to six feet or more in 

 diameter. When growing in the open it develops a round head 

 and casts a dense shade. 



Distribution. From Western Massachusetts to Southern 

 Minnesota and Eastern Kansas, south to Western Florida and 

 the valley of the San Antonio river in Texas. In Minnesota 

 formerly a common tree along the creek and river bottoms of 

 the southern part of the state, and in a few locations is still rather 

 abundant. 



Propagation. By seeds, which should be gathered in autumn, 

 kept stratified with moist leaves or sand over winter, and sown 

 in the spring. Also grown to some extent by planting the seeds 

 in autumn where the trees are to remain. The varieties are 

 grown by grafting. Old trees may be top grafted like apple 

 trees. 



Properties of Wood. Heavy, hard, strong, rather coarse 

 grained, easily worked, and very durable in contact with the soil. 

 Color a rich, dark brown, with a thin, light sapwood. The fin- 

 ished wood has a satiny surface, and will take a beautiful polish. 

 Specific gravity, 0.6115; weight of a cubic foot, 38.11 pounds. 



Uses. The Black Walnut is frequently used for ornamental 

 planting in the parks of the United States and Europe. In this 

 section, however, we reach the northern limit of its range, and 

 find that it is not generally satisfactory when planted in the open, 

 but often does well in protected locations and on deep alluvial 

 soils. It can sometimes be used to advantage in timber plant- 

 ings in the southern half of Minnesota when surrounded by some 

 hardier tree to protect it from the wind. It is liable to sun-scald 

 when the trunk is exposed in this section. Many large planta- 

 tions of this tree have been made in Iowa, Southern Minnesota 



