12 POMPECKJ. JURASSIC FAUNA OF CAPE FLORA. [NORW. POL. EXP. 



the water-course, thus causing fresh exposures. Some too, were dug out 

 of the clay, and they were consequently all of them found in situ. These 

 fossils were embedded free in the clay, and were very fragile, especially 

 a large lamellibranch which I at first thought was a Pecten, but which 

 appears to be an Avicula (Pseudomonotis) (see Pompeckj later). Some 

 valves of this genus were found fairly entire in the clay, but no sooner 

 were they dug out than they fell to pieces, and were extremely difficult 

 to preserve 1 . The two nodules of marl, containing fossils, were also found 

 in situ, and were dug out of the clay. They were a foot or more in 

 diameter, and were not so lentoid or rounded as the nodules found at higher 

 horizons in the strata, but had rounded edges. I did not find any other 

 nodules embedded in the clay in this place. This locality was also 

 visited by Dr. Koettlitz, and some fossils from it are described by Newton 2 . 

 (b) In the same bank above the shore, from to 13.7 metres (45 feet, 

 above sea-level, and only some 400 metres to the south-east (just south 

 of Elmwood, fig. 1,6; fig. 2,6), it might naturally be expected that the 

 deposits exposed would be exactly similar. These beds, however, show a 

 striking difference ; they have a much more distinctly stratified appearance, 

 and are considerably more sandy in their composition. They are composed 

 of sand, or clayey sand, and partly pebbles, interstratified with thin, black, 

 carboniferous, to some extent sandy bands, generally less than half an 

 inch thick, and sometimes containing small carbonized remains of wood. 

 No fossils were found in these strata, although Dr. Koettlitz dug into 

 them for some distance (see above p. 10). 



These strata (b) are evidently estuarine (or fresh water) deposits, or are 

 at any rate deposited in quite shallow sea, and probably belong to a 

 lower horizon than the clay beds with fossils, just described, only some 

 400 or 500 metres farther to the north-west. There may have been a 

 slight dislocation, bringing these strata to a somewhat lower level to 

 the north. 



1 They had a white coating, which, according to Pompeckj, is composed of crystals of 

 gypsum. 



2 L. c. 1897, pp. 501-502; and 1898, p. 650. Koettlitz's description, 1. c. (1898), p. 637, 

 may give the impression that these lowest strata with marine fossils ^were traced for 

 some distance both eastward and westward from Elmwood ;" but this has certainly 

 not been his opinion, as they have only been found north-west of Elmwood, and are 

 distinctly different from the strata (b) found south or south-east of this place. 



