NO. 2.] FACIES, FAUNISTIC CHARACTERS ETC. 135 



The frequent petrographic changes in the Jura of Cape Flora to which 

 Dr. Koettlitz first called attention, indicate repeated oscillations of level in 

 our region during Jurassic times. It is only in littoral regions and shallow 

 seas that oscillations of sea-level with the consequent displacement of the 

 coast line can exert so strong an influence upon petrographic facies, as for 

 instance in the Gallovian of Cape Flora (clay, stone marl, clay-sandstone, clay). 



The last oscillations of level which took place in our region in Jurassic 

 times, are indicated by the sandstones containing Upper Jurassic land-plants 

 which occur north of Cape Flora, above the basalt, and according to Dr. 

 Koettlitz, at the south side of the Cape, between the second and third basalt 

 flows. These sandstones characterise a period of upheaval of our region. 

 The southern portion of Franz Josef Land rose out of the sea in Upper Ju- 

 rassic times. 



It is a peculiar fact that in all the known fossils from the marine jura 

 of Cape Flora, the Gastropoda are represented by a single specimen only. 



It may be that the collections are still imperfect, and do not therefore 

 give an accurate or complete idea of the composition of the Jurassic fauna 

 here: but in any case, they may be presumed to be sufficiently perfect to 

 justify the conclusion that in comparison with the predominating Lamellibranchs 

 and Cephalopods, the Gastropods play an unimportant role in the Dogger fauna 

 of Cape Flora. 



Great scarcity of Gastropods appears to be generally characteristic of the 

 Jurassic fauna of the arctic regions, for, as far as we are acquainted with 

 such faunas in East Greenland, the island of And0, Spitzbergen, Cape 

 Flora, Novaja Semlja, the Petchora basin, arctic Siberia, Alaska and the 

 arctic archipelago of North America, the Gastropods in several of these faunas 

 are considerably behind the other groups as regards numbers; and in others 

 appear to be wholly absent. 



With regard to the scarcity of Gastropoda, the Jurassic Fauna of Cape 

 Flora, like the arctic Jurassic fauna generally, shows a great resemblance 

 to that of the Russian Jura, in which also the Gastropods are in considerably 

 smaller numbers than the Cephalopods and Lamellibranchs. 



If we ask about the relations existing between the fauna of the Jura 

 of Cape Flora, and the faunas of other Jurassic regions, we cannot yet 

 obtain an altogether satisfactory answer. 



