NO. 4.] THE SLEDGE-JOURNEY AND FRANZ JOSEF LAND. 39 



cliff only a short time before, and this is evidently the rule here all the 

 year round. 



South of Cape Fisher, there seem to be several nesting-places, and these 

 guillemots were observed along the coast wherever there was open water. They 

 appeared, for instance, to be breeding at Cape Richthofen (80 50' N. Lat.); 

 and some kilometres north of this promontory, a cliff was seen which also 

 seemed to be inhabited by them. Along the south coast of Northbrook Is- 

 land, great numbers of them were seen, and they were here much more 

 numerous than Alle. 



Lastly they were found (as already mentioned by Clarke and Bruce) in 

 great numbers, breeding, at Cape Flora and other promontories on North- 

 brook Island and the adjacent islands; and during the travellers' stay at 

 Elmwood during the latter part of June and beginning of July, 1896, quan- 

 tities of eggs were collected by Jackson, and many birds shot for food. 1 



A few were also seen in the ice in the northern part of the Barents 

 Sea, on August 8th, 1896, apparently belonging to the brooding tribe on 

 Franz Josef Land. 



Alle alle, (Lin.) 1766. 



This species was one of the first that appeared far north in the ice 

 during the sledge-journey, and it soon became one of the most nume- 

 rous there. 



The first was seen on June 9th (1895), when there were a good many 

 lanes in the ice (about 82 20' N. Lat). After the 18th June, when the 

 west wind began to blow, and open the ice somewhat, they suddenly 

 appeared in great numbers. On June 19th and 20th, great numbers were 

 seen in the lanes, where they flew to and fro in search of food, diving just 

 outside the tent-door. 



From that time they appeared almost daily, always coming from the 

 south, and returning towards the south. They generally kept in pairs, or 

 three or four together, and used to lie in the lanes from six to eight hours 

 a day, but were afterwards invisible. Their visits also depended upon the 



Clarke and Bruce, The Ibis, April, 1898, p. 271. 



