496 NOTES OF A BOTANIST CHAP. 



the volcano, is specified as the Cordillera de los 

 Mulatos : it is separated from Cotopaxi by the 

 Valle Vicioso. 



2. El Volcan de las Margasitas, south-east by 

 east from Los Mulatos, and a little east of north 

 from the mouth of the Rio Verde Grande. 

 " Margasitas " (more properly Marquesitas) corre- 

 sponds nearly to the term "pyrites," and is a general 

 name for the sulphates of iron, copper, etc. 



3. Zunchu-urcu, a smaller volcano than Mar- 

 gasitas, and at a short distance south-south-east of 

 it. " Zunchu " is the Quichua term for mica or talc. 



4. Siete-bocas, a large mountain, with seven 

 mouths vomiting flame, south-west by south from 

 Margasitas, west by south from Zunchu. Its 

 southern slope is the Nevado del Atilis. 



5. Gran Volcan del Topo, or Yurag-Llanganati, 

 nearly east from Siete-bocas and south-west from 

 Zunchu. A tall snowy peak at the head of the 

 river Topo, and the same as I saw from Cotalo. It 

 is the only one of the group which rises to perpetual 

 snow, though there are many others rarely clear of 

 snow ; hence its second name Yurag (White) 

 Llanganati. 1 



[This mountain is partly shown on the extreme 

 right margin of the map here given.] 



The last four volcanoes are all near each other, 

 and form part of what Guzman calls the Cordillera 

 de Yurag-urcu, or Llanganatis of the Topo. 



North-east from the Volcan del Topo, and 

 running from south-east to north-west, is the Cor- 



1 Yillavicensio gives its height as 6520 varas (17,878 English feet) in his 

 Geograjia del F.ciMitor, from a measurement (as he says) of Guzman, but does 

 not inform us where he obtained his information. 



