52 The Nature-Study Exhibition 



(3) Factories, to study processes of manufacture and products. 



(4) Quarries and mines, to study geology, minerals, rocks, fossils. 



(5) Mountains and hills, to study formation, heights, natural 



phenomena. 



(6) Sea-side, to study marine objects, denudation, &c. 



(7) Historical places, to study Castell Dinas Bran, Chirk Castle, 



Vale Crucis Abbey, Old Manor House, World's End, Old 

 Maids' House, &c. 



3. How the Visits are Utilized in School Work. In addition to the 

 observations made by the teacher during the visits, and the notes made 

 by the pupils, about four conversational or object lessons in school are 

 based on each visit, from which the pupils write notes, and also make 

 sketches and drawings, and, when possible, specimens are mounted in 

 the note-books, while attention is called in the reading-lesson to addi- 

 tional information bearing on any lesson which has been taken during 

 the year. Thus the school lessons are correlated whenever possible. 

 Further, the Upper Section gets a series of lessons each year on one of 

 the physical sciences, with experiments and practical demonstration. 



The school is decorated with window-plants. The boys bring their 

 own plants, or are supplied with some in the spring, when a lesson is 

 given on the cultivation of window- plants. Prizes are then offered for 

 the best plant grown by the autumn, each boy looking after his own 

 plant, and taking it home with him during the four or five weeks' 

 vacation in summer, and returning it when school reopens." 



At Puttenham National School near Guildford 



"The actual method employed is that of a monthly stroll for purposes 

 of observation, and lessons on plant-life of an experimental nature in 

 school. Out-of-doors, in spring and summer, children are taught : (i) to 

 recognize trees by their leaves, bark, and general outline; (2) to watch 

 the buds open and their position on the branch; (3) methods of fertiliza- 

 tion by insects, wind, or self. Daily notes of anything striking to the 

 child, which he may have observed for himself, are entered in exercise- 

 books, together with essays on the strolls, barometer and thermometer 

 readings, and so forth. 



" Very little time is given to collecting, the idea being not so much 

 to get specimens as to cultivate observation and build up an intelli- 

 gent mind in the scholar to fit him to carry out his after-school work 

 ntelligently, and not to cram him with long lists of botanical names." 



The following notes are taken from a synopsis of school 



