MAY 15, 1913 



327 



portunity for many of the veterans, and 

 certainly for all beginners, to learn the very 

 latest that there is doing' in the way of tak- 

 ing- honey from the bees. Particulars can 

 be secured from Dr. Burton N. Gates, Am- 

 herst, Mass. When we say that, in our 

 opinion, there is no other school of apicul- 

 ture that will compare with this one, per- 

 haps we should except the one located at 

 Cnielph. Canada, under the direction of Mr. 

 Morley Pettit. Both are doing splendid 

 work; but the school at Amherst has never 

 been better equipped than now. In a recent 

 letter received from Dr. Gates he wntes: 



This course, the spring work for the layman, is 

 one of six courses in beekeeping scheduled in the 

 institution. They are: Two courses for the regular 

 college students, the four-year men ; a ten-weeks' 

 winter course for the winter students; the spring 

 course for the layman ; a two-weeks' summer school : 

 besides the corrrespondence course. This outline, I 

 believe, exceeds apicultural instruction given else- 

 where. Moreover, you know that our equipment is 

 by far the most complete, especially our collections. 



THE. HANDBOOK OF APICULTURE. 



Dr. Enoch Zander, of Erlangen, Ger- 

 many, has written a book with the above 

 title.* It is in three parts, each part to be 

 had separately. No. 1 is devoted to foul 

 brood and its treatment. It is a practical 

 condensation of all that is now known on 

 that subject, and fully illustrated Avith pic- 

 tures enlarged by micro-photography, 

 whereby germs invisible to the eye are en- 

 larged to half an inch in length ; but it must 

 not be inferred from this that the photos 

 are better than anj' drawings. 



Dr. Zander is one of the men most able 

 to speak on the subject of foul brood, and 

 he has covered the ground in this book of 

 31 pages and 16 illustrations. In speaking 

 of the rapid multiplication of the germs 

 which cause foul brood, he says one bacteri- 

 um will throw otf a shoot or bud every 

 twenty minutes, so that in 24 hours it will 

 have 'multiplied to 16,-500,000, and in 48 

 hours to 281,500 millions of millions. 



Dr. Zander divides brood disease into 

 sour brood, the germ of which, as the 

 doctor claims, is Streptococcus apis, bas- 

 ing this claim on Maasen; foul brood, due 

 to Bacillus alvei; brood pest, due to Ba- 

 cillus larvae, or Brondenhurgiensis. The 

 peculiarities are described minutely. 



But Dr. Zander does recognize Bacillus 

 larvae, discovered by Dr. White, as the 

 cause of American foul brood, or what he 

 calls " brood pest." At the time his book 

 was published, or written, rather, he, of 

 course, did not and could not know of Dr. 



Wliite's further discovery of the cause of 

 the other brood disease, or what we call 

 European foul brood — Bacillus pluton. 

 As we understand it, Dr. White has prov- 

 ed that Bacillus alvei is non-pathogenic — 

 that is, not disease-forming; and although 

 for many years it has been supjjosed to be 

 the cause of foul brood, the evidence is 

 pretty clear now that it has nothing to do 

 with either of t hese diseases, although pres- 

 ent with Bacillus pluton, and sometimes 

 found with Bacillus larvae. 



Immediately following the work refer- 

 red to above comes another from the busy 

 pen of Dr. Zander, entitled " The Struc- 

 ture of the Bee." As its name indicates, 

 it is devoted entirely to a description of 

 the various organs of the bee; and if any 

 thing has been omitted we do not know 

 what it is. • 



This work contains 182 pages, including 

 149 illustrations. After this we have twen- 

 ty full-page plates, showing in all 75 en- 

 larged views of bee anatomy, photogi'aph- 

 ed in almost every instance from the or- 

 gan itself. 



* Zander, E., Erlangen, 1911. Handbuch der Bic- 

 nenskunde, in Einzeldarstellung. Eugen Ulmer, puli., 

 Stuttgart. In three parts, of about 30 pages each. 



THE CALIFORNIA HONEY CROP A FAILURE. 



The following telegi-am, received just as 

 we were lockiivg u]i this last form, will ex- 

 plain itself : 



Season is practically closed, with no honey in 

 sight; orange almost a complete failure; sage not 

 yielding; will be the lightest crop since 1904, and 

 may be for twenty years. Same report from all sage 

 and orange districts, no crop. Further particulars to 

 follow for .Tune 15th issue. 



Redlands, Cal., May 12. P. C. Chadwick. 



We may add that we have asked our cor- 

 respondent, Mr. Chadwick, to send us tele- 

 graphic reports just as we go to press, so 

 tliat we may give our readers the very latest 

 I'egarding the honey-crop conditions on the 

 western coast. The foregoing is the first of 

 a series of night telegrams. 



The prospects for a white-clover honey- 

 tlow in tlie eastern States were never better 

 (lian now. It is beginning to get a little 

 dry. but a rain would set every thing boom- 

 ing. Fruit bloom generally has been good. 



MR. TYRRELL RESIGNS THE EDITORIAL MAN- 

 AGEMENT OF THE REVIEW. 



Just as we go to press news has come 

 that Mr. Tyrrell, Secretary of the National 

 Beekeepers' Association, has resigned his 

 position as editorial manager of the Bee- 

 keepers' Beview, the Association organ. Mr. 

 E. D. Townsend, one of the directoi"s, takes 

 his place, and the publication Avill be con- 

 tinued hereafter fi'om Nortlistar, Mich. 

 Overwork has compelled Mr. TyiTell to 

 take this action, and he will now devote his 

 energies to the work of the National. 



