A HISTORY OF SUFFOLK 



IX. POLYZOA 



I have myself paid little attention to these animals, and am obliged mainly to rely ort 

 the specimens collected near Harwich by Mr. G. P. Hope, lent to me by Mr. William Cole 

 and identified by Dr. Garstang. The nomenclature is that of Hinck's work on British 

 Marine Polyzoa. 



Gemellaria hricata. Harwich (G.P.H.) 



Mcnipea ternata. Harwi:h (G.P.H.) 



Scrufocellaria reptans. Harwich (G.P.H.) 



Bkellaria ciliata. Orwell. 



Bugula plumosa. Harwich (G.P.H ) 



Notamia bursaria. Harwich (G.P.H.) 



Flustra foliacea. Met with in the more open water, 



but not common 

 — papyracea. Harwich (G.P.H.) 

 Membrampora lacroixii. Common in old shells, 



&c., in the Orwell and elsewhere. The 



larva {Cyphonantes) is often met with in 



sievings of the sea water 



Membranipora monostachys. Busk, \iT.fossaria, Hincks. 



The Ore (Norman) 

 — pUosa. Harwich (G.P.H.) 

 Membramporella melolontha. Dredged in the Or- 

 well (Harmer) 

 Tubuliporaflabettaris. Harwich (G.P.H.) 

 Akyonidium gebtinosum. So very abundant in some 

 of the estuaries that the bottom must be 

 covered with it in some places 

 Ves'tcularia spinosa. Harwich (G.P.H.) 

 Amathla lendigera. Harwich (G.P.H.) 

 Anguinella palmate. Orwell (Harmer). Deben 



(Norman) 

 Valker'ta uva. Harwich (G.P.H.) 



The most interesting species in the foregoing list are M. monostachys, var. fossaria and 

 M. melolontha, which are, as far as is yet known, confined to the estuaries of the south-east 

 of England (A.M.N.) 



X. ECHINODERMATA 



Echinus miliaris, Linn. This occurs in great 

 numbers in the Stour off Harwich, so as to 

 be the chief feature in the material dredged. 

 It is also common in the Aide some miles 

 below Orford, and was so in the Orwell in 

 1898 



Solaster papposus, Fabr. Occurs in most of the 

 estuaries, but is nowhere abundant 



Ophiura ciliaris, Linn. Dredged in Harwich 

 Harbour, and is probably fairly common in 

 many other places 



Ophiothrix frafflis, O. F. Mliller. Some years 

 ago this was abundant in the Orwell twisted 

 about inside and outside sponges, but was 

 not common in later years. I have also 

 occasionally dredged it in Harwich Har- 

 bour 



Synapta inhaerens, O. F. Muller. For a number 

 of years I was able to obtain many excellent 

 specimens of this interesting animal from 



the mud near low water on the south-west 

 side of the Orwell, a short distance below 

 Pinmill, but it had become comparatively 

 scarce in 1900, possibly on account of the 

 greatly increased numbers of Cirratulus 

 ctrratus. This local abundance of Synapta is 

 remarkable, for I do not remember finding 

 a single specimen in any other locality in 

 the district of the Thames estuary 



Cucumaria (?). A fairly fine Holothurian was mode- 

 rately common in the Stour off Parkeston 

 about 1890, but I have not found one 

 for some }-ears, though I have carefully 

 dredged for it. Unfortunately no entire 

 specimen was preserved, and those portions 

 which I mounted as a lantern slide are inade- 

 quate to prove what species it was 



Tiyone fusus, O. F. Muller. Found in the Orwell 

 and Stour, but only single specimens in 

 each estuary, and these somewhat small 



XI. TUNIC ATA {Simple Ascidians) 



Styelopsis grossularia, Van Beneden. More or less 

 common in the lo.wer part of the estuaries 

 and more open water, attached to stones, 

 shells, and algae. Common in the Deben 

 near Waldringfield 



Polycarpa comata. Alder. Sometimes very abundant 

 in particular places in the Orwell near Pin- 

 mill, and less so in the other estuaries of 

 Suffolk. It is usually so covered with 

 attached sand as to look like a sandy con- 

 cretion 



Polycarpa pomaria, Savigny. Was and may still be 

 very abundant in the Deben a little below 

 Martlesham Creek in a part where scarcely 

 any other animal was found. I obtained a 

 number in the Orwell near Pinmill in 

 1 90 1, though I had net seen any before 



Ascidiella aspersa, O. F. Moller. In 190 1 this 

 was most remarkably abundant in the Or- 

 well below Pinmill, the botttom in some 

 places being covered by small ones, and 

 large masses being found like bunches of 



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