A HISTORY OF SUFFOLK 



to 3 carucates and io8 acres, without counting 24 acres which were held 

 by two churches. The value of the whole amounted to ^7 ioj., but the 

 manor was farmed for £() ioj. The aggregate, then, conforms very closely 

 to what Professor VinogradofF regards as the normal standard of the typical 

 manor, Edric of Laxfield, again, held 40 acres as a manor in Parham 

 Hundred at ' Brutge ' valued at I4J-. 8d'. Five freemen with 20 acres valued 

 at 4J. were 'added by commendation' {additi commendatione), bringing the whole 

 area up to half a carucate and the value to i Sj. 8^. After the Conquest Walter 

 de Risboil held manor and freemen of Robert Malet. At Nettlestead, in 

 Bosmere Hundred, Earl Ralph, before his forfeiture, added thirty-four 

 freemen with 2 J carucates to a manor of 5 carucates. In this case the addition 

 raised the value of the manor from £^j ioj. to exactly >Cio-" 



Sometimes the ' addition ' of freemen seems to have been an act of pure 

 aggression, as at Freckenham, where Earl Ralph added four freemen whom he 

 appropriated, or ' invaded ' [quos invasit), with 8 acres of land and half a plough 

 team, to the large manor which had belonged to Orthi, Harold's thegn.*' Some- 

 times the processes of ' delivery ' and ' addition ' led to disputes, in which 

 the hundred was called upon to decide the respective claims of rival land 

 lords.*' Sometimes the men who had been ' commended ' to the Norman 

 lord's English antecessor appear to be ' added ' to his manor as a matter of 

 course. At Yoxford, in Blything Hundred, for instance, the thegn Norman 

 had 100 acres for a manor and the commendation over five freemen with 

 14 acres. His successor, Hugh de Corbun, who held under Roger Bigot, 

 had the five freemen ' added ' to his manor, and also two other freemen with 

 7 acres, possibly to bring the area of the manor up to a carucate."* Once it 

 is even stated that Roger Bigot received 40 acres of land and 5 acres of 

 meadow at Buxhall, in Stow Hundred, ad perficiendum belham in alio hundreto. 

 Turning to Beleham, or Baylham, in Bosmere Hundred, we find four small 

 manors and thirty freemen holding 140 J acres, in all 4 carucates 2oi acres, 

 worth 137J. before the Conquest, 142J. after it. The addition of the 

 40 acres at Buxhall, which after the Conquest were worth ioj., would just 

 bring the arable area up to 4 J carucates (4 carucates 60 J acres), and raise the 

 value to a little over ^^7 ioj. i^^j i2j.). Or, since one of the Baylham 

 freemen ' lay ' in Stonham, and was valued there, it may be that the Buxhall 

 land was taken into the valuation of Baylham as compensation. Similarly, in 

 Bures, in Babergh Hundred, before the Conquest Uluric son of Brictric held 

 2 carucates under King Edward, Tosti a freeman held i carucate under King 

 Edward, and two freemen of Harold, who could sell their land, held 60 acres. 

 After the Conquest the whole came into the hands of John Fitz Waleran, 

 and Harold's two freemen were delivered ad perficiendum manerium. Their 

 60 acres would bring it up to exactly 3^ carucates, and would raise its value 

 to 65J." The king and the great Norman tenants in chief seem to have 

 dealt very arbitrarily both with English ' manors ' and English freemen, 



" Dom. Bk. 3383, 306*, 294^. »« Ibid. 381^; cf. 3383. 



" 381, cf. 449 ; VinogradofF, op. cit. 425-8 ; Below, p. 379 et seq. 



^ Dom. Bk. 333 ; cf. 331, 3313. 'Blything. Hinetuna,' 50 acres added with freemen to a manor of 50 

 acres: value increased from 8/. to \^s. ; ' Bringas,' 60 acres with freemen added to a manor of l-| carucates ; 

 ' Brantuna,' 100 acres with freemen added to a manor of 2 carucates. 



" Dom. Bk. 3363, 33/3, 338, 435^. The hundred had seen 'neither writ nor livery' ('nee breve nee 

 liberatorem '), conveying the 40 acres in Buxhall to Roger Bigot. On 'making up' ('perficiendum') a manor, 

 cf. VinogradofF, op. cit. 309 et seq. 



374 



