A HISTORY OF SUFFOLK 



Harkstead was separately assessed to the geld, on the East Anglian system." 

 Similarly, 60 acres were held before the Conquest at Saxtead in Bishop's 

 Hundred as a berewick. of Framlingham in Loes Hundred, while Edric of 

 Laxfield held 94 acres at Framlingham as a berewick of the neighbouring 

 vill of Dennington {Dinghetuna). 'Kodenham,' or 'Kodeham' (Coddenham), a 

 berewick of Cavendish, in Babergh Hundred, was, like Harkstead, assessed 

 separately, while the berewick of Fenstead, in the same hundred, was included in 

 the assessment of its manor, Houghton.^' A berewick might be larger and more 

 populous than its manor, as at ' Coclesworda,' where a berewick of 8 carucates 

 with a peasant population of thirty householders was attached to a manor of 

 6 carucates with twenty-six ' recorded ' peasant occupiers. Berewicks had 

 demesne and home farms, unfree tenants, meadow, woodland, and stock. 

 They could be both valued and assessed independently of their manors, and 

 sometimes their lineal measurements are given separately." They could even 

 be held by separate lords, though of one manorial over-lord. Edric of Laxfield's 

 manor of Hollesley, with the sokemen and freemen attached to it, came, after 

 the Conquest, to Robert Malet ; but its two berewicks, ' Culeslea ' and Bawd- 

 sey, were held from Robert Malet, one by his mother and the other by 

 Robert de Glanville.'°° A berewick, like a manor, could be created out of 

 another holding. Uthtret or Huhtradus, who held Houghton for a manor 

 under Harold, and Fenstead ' for one carucate,' was succeeded by Ralph de 

 Limesi, who held Fenstead ' for a berewick ' {pro berewita) in Houghton. Ot 

 Earl Gurth's two manors in Samford Hundred, Bentley was afterwards joined 

 to the manor of Bergholt 'as a berewick' {pro bervita), and Shotley bore 

 apparently much the same relation to the larger estate, a relation which in 

 this case is primarily financial, for the two manors are said to be ' added to 

 the farm' {ijue huicjirme addita sunt) of Bergholt. They, in common with 

 Shelley, the pre-Conquest berewick of Bergholt, are assessed separately to 

 the geld."' 



Of the honour, or great fief, the feudum, including many manors and 

 smaller territorial units, several instances are found in the Suffolk Survey, 

 notably the Saxon honour of Phin, the nucleus of the later honour of Clare.'"* 

 The early honours and ' fiefs ' seem to have borne the personal names or titles 

 of their original holders, tht feudum Fedrici, the honor Jint {Phin), ihc feudum 

 Phin, the feudum JVisgari, xhe. feudum Thederici or Tedrici {T'heoderic, brother of 

 Walter the Deacon), iht feudum Reginae, the feudum Episcopi de Tefort, which 

 seems to be distinguished from his terrae, though elsewhere terra and 

 feudum appear as equivalent terms. Thus in Essex we hear of the feudum 

 Baignardi, and in Suffolk of the Terrae Radulfi Baignardi ; while the terrae of 

 Frodo, the abbot's brother, and hi% feudum are apparently identical in the 



" Dom. Bk. 2863 ; 6, (Essex) ; Maitland, Dom. Bk. and Beyond, 114, 333. 



" Dom. Bk. 299, 3253, 428^ ; VinogradofF, op. cit. 365-8. 



" Dom. Bk. 4023, 403, 288^, 289 ; Mildenhall, ' Et supradicta berewita habet ii leu. et dim. in longo, 

 et tantundem in lato, et de gelto xkd. et i ferdingum,' 3 1 "jb. 



""Ibid. 3193. Cf. ' Benga,' berewick of Staverton, 31 9^ ; Falkenham, berewick of Walton, 339^ ; 

 Cavenham (Canavatham), 391^; Famham, 316^; Mendlesham, 285^; Lowestoft, Lund, Belton, Elga, 

 2833. 



'" Ibid. 428, 305, where Robert Malet's mother held a carucate of land at Debenham, in Claydon 

 Hundred, which Britmar a freeman had held T.R.E. as a berewick of Kenton, in Loes Hundred ; cf. 326, 

 ' Kenetuna' ; 3 8/3, Baldereseia berewita et enumerata. 



'" VinogradofF op. cit. 348-50. 



