A HISTORY OF SUFFOLK 



while we learn from the Essex Survey that Scalpi, Harold's thegn, was a 

 ' house-carl,' '" The house-carls, Aschil and Ingulf, appear as the lords of 

 commended freemen in Carlford Hundred,''* but the thegn and the house-carl 

 were giving way before the knight, the miles, and the new Latin term is 

 found in Suffolk applied to the thirty-four milites, French and English, of 

 St. Edmund at St. Edmundsbury,'^' who had twenty-two bordars under 

 them, to the two fnilites who held freemen and their land at Ashfield,"" 

 and to the miles with the Danish name of Ulfin who held Ingham as a 

 manor under St. Edmund in the days of King Edward.'" The tniles, 

 like the teinus, is sometimes described by other terms : Humphrey son of 

 Roderic, who is called the man [homo) of William of Warenne in Domesday 

 Book, is entered in the record of the Ely placitum as Humfridus miles de Will, 

 de Warenna?^^ We hear also of Nigel, a serviens of the Count of Mortain,'*' 

 of Berner the crossbowman of St. Etheldreda, and of Walter the crossbow- 

 man, as well as of the king's crossbowmen, Gilbert and Ralph.'" 



Of the Suffolk clergy, with their churches and glebe land, we learn a good 

 deal from Domesday, but the passages relating to them are somewhat vague and 

 fragmentary. The area of the glebe is usually given, and sometimes the tenants 

 and plough-teams are added, but though the worth of the church and its land 

 is frequently stated, it is also often included in the general valuation of the 

 manor.'" There can be little doubt that the churches enumerated in the 

 Survey fall short of the total number in the county, but the occurrence of 

 such uncertain entries as pars ecclesiae, quedam aecclesia, quaedam pars trium 

 ecclesiarum^^^ with the subdivision of the ownership of churches, makes it 

 impossible to reckon up precisely even those which are actually mentioned.'" 

 A good example of the division of churches among several lords is seen at 

 Debenham, in the hundred of Claydon, where Robert Malet had to ' defend ' 

 or answer for two parts of the church of St. Mary with its land and a quarter 

 of the church of St. Andrew, while the remaining portions, held before the 

 Conquest by the freeman Godwi, and Saxo, the lord to whom he was com- 

 mended, had passed in 1086 into the hands of the Bishop of Bayeux and 

 Ralph Peverel.^^' At Ringsfield, in Wangford Hundred, the king had part of 

 a church with 20 acres, and others shared it with him.'*' The phrase, 

 ' Several persons have shares therein ' [plures ibi participantur ; plures habent 

 partem) occurs fairly often,'^" and we read of a church which had 1 5 acres ' out 

 of four demesnes ' \dominationibus) F^ The church may, however, be identified 

 with the vill or with the parish. In Thedwastre Hundred Barton and 

 Pakenham and Fornham and Rougham and Bradfield all had their ' village 



"' Dom. Bk. 4193, 420 ; V.C.H. Essex, i, 352. »*' Dom. Bk. 441^, 442. «' Ibid. 372. 



'" Ibid. 439. Had these mifttes taken the place of Achi and Ketel, 'liberi homines teigni ' \ ' Achi* 

 and ' Chetel,' ' liber homo,' had held manors in Ashfield T.R.E. 



"' Ibid. 364 ; VinogradofF, op. cit. 74 et seq.; Maitland, Dom. Bk.and Beyond, 161 et seq. 



"• Dom. Bk. 3813, 'Ratesdane' ; 398, ' Ratesdana ' ; In^. Co. Camb. (ed. Hamilton), 194, ' Ratlesdene. 



^ Dom. Bk. 291*. ^ Ibid. 324, 382*, 444, 445. 



*" Ibid. ; 3743, 'Stanham' ; 375, ' Burgestala.' ' Codeham,' a church with 3 acres worth 6d.; a church 

 with I acre worth zd. ; 375^, ' Uledana.' 'Stanham,' cf. 339, 340, &c.; 328, 'Totum valet xvi sol.' ; cf. 

 V.C.H. Norf.W, 21. 



'" Dom. Bk. 3953, 417, 4363. 



"' Ellis makes 364 churches in Suffolk ; Introd. to Dom. i, 286-7. Dr. Cox brings the total number up 

 to 398 with two chapels ; V.C.H. Suff. ii, 9, 10. 



^^ Dom. Bk. 3053, 3763, 4173. R. Peverel had a share in St. Mary's only. 



^ Ibid. 2823. "» Ibid. 326, 3883, 4003. '" Ibid. 4173. 



402 



