A HISTORY OF SUFFOLK 



loose in the forest, occur twice, at Barnham and at Fakenham, in Bradmere 

 Hundred, and two asses {asini) are entered at Brandon on the land of the 

 Abbot of Ely.*" The meadows which provided hay for the winter feed of 

 the farm-stock were appended to the manorial holdings and valued with 

 them. Of pasture land little is said, but the Suffolk Survey contains one 

 famous reference to the ' pasture common to all the men of the hundred ' of 

 Colneis, which illustrates the practice of several vills ' intercommoning,' or 

 sharing pasture rights on the commons.*^' Pigs, and the woodland in which 

 they fed, play a prominent part in the Suffolk Domesday. The extent of the 

 woodland is, indeed, usually estimated by the number of pigs for which it 

 could provide pannage, and the pigs actually kept on an estate often fell far 

 below this number.*-' The most thickly wooded districts seem to have been 

 in the hundreds of Blything, Bishop's, and Loes,*** where we find compara- 

 tively few sheep and a fair proportion of pigs and goats. It might happen, 

 however, as in Lackford Hundred, that there were a good many pigs on the 

 manors and yet no woodland is recorded. In connexion with the forest land 

 may be noticed also the bays or hedges, which are twice mentioned, once in 

 relation to the manor of Blythburgh, to which was paid ' the fourth penny of 

 the rent of the hay [heia) of Riseburc,' and once under Southwold, where 

 St. Edmund's Abbey held five-eighths of a sea-hay or weir {beta maris).*-' 

 Twice land is entered as ' w^aste' {guasta terra), and in one case the whole stock 

 of a farm had perished or had been removed.*" Salt-pans {salinae) appear in 

 the hundreds of Blything and Samford, and in the half-hundred of Lothing- 

 land.*" Fisheries and fish-ponds [piscariae, piscinae, vivariae) are of frequent 

 occurrence, and we hear of four fisheries in Ely connected with Richard 

 Fitz Gilbert's estate at Lakenheath, and of a fishing-boat.*'' Rents were 

 often paid in herrings,**' and the references to the Yarmouth fishermen, to 

 the ' seaport ' at Frostenden, and to the encroachments of the sea on the east 

 coast, where a carucate of land had been washed away at Dunwich,*'" remind 

 us that we are in a maritime county. Of mills we also hear constantly, and, 

 like the churches, they are divided up among many owners, so that we read 

 of thirds, fourths, and sixths of mills.*^^ ' Winter mills ' {molinum hyemale) are 

 entered at Edwardstone, at Pakenham, and at Rickinghall,*'' and mill-dams or 

 sluices [exclusae) at Greeting and at Barking.*'^ Parks are mentioned several 

 times,*'* and vineyards, measured by arpents, three times.*'^ Bee-keeping was 

 carried on in most parts of the county, and a distinction is possibly made between 



"' Dom. Bk. 33o3, 420^, 381^ (asses). 



*" Ibid. 339* ; Vinogradoff, op. cit. 288-9 '■> Maitland, op. cit. ; Index, 'Coleness' ; V.C.H. Essix, i, 

 336, 369-74- 



*" Dom. Bk. 287 (Bergholt), woodland for 1,000 swine and only twenty-nine on the farm ; cf. 438, 

 'Redles,' woodland measured by acres ; cf. 294^, land ' inter silva et planum.' 



*" Cf. also Blackbourn Hundred. 



"' Dom. Bk. 282, 3711J ; VinogradofF, op. cit. 289-304. 



*" Dom. Bk. 300 (Cretinghara) ; 425, ' Kingeslanda ' ; 444^, Easton. 



"'Ibid. 283, 2843, 289, 2953, 296, 2993, 3133, 317, 342,402,411^,4143,419^,425,444,445. 



•" Ibid. 372, 392, &c. 



*" Ibid. 282, 370, 37 13, 406, 40-?, 4073. 



*'° Ibid. 283, 311^, Dunwich ; 414^, ' Froxedena.' Professor Vinogradoff (op. cit. 201) cites the 

 Dunwich instance to show the reality and actuality of hides and carucates in many cases. 



"' Dom. Bk. 3363, 337, 337^ (' quedam pars'); 404^, ' Langhedana ; in tercio anno quarta pars mol,' &c. 



"» Ibid. 304, 3613, 365. '» Ibid. 304/5, 3823. 



"* Ibid. 287, Bentley, half a park ; 328, Newton ; 438^, Irworth, &c. 



*" Ibid. 3820, Barking ; 389*, Clare ; 438^, Ixworth. 



408 



