224 THE RIVER-SIDE NATURALIST. 



of the tail. Pharyngeal teeth, in a double row, pointed and 

 hooked. 



The colour of the top of head blackish-brown, with a 

 streak of the same dark colour passing down the free edge 

 of each gill-cover as far as the origin of the pectoral fin ; 

 the upper part of the back bluish-black ; the edge of each 

 scale darkest ; sides bluish-white ; silvery-white on belly ; 

 dorsal and caudal fins dusky ; pectoral reddish-brown ; ven- 

 tral and anal reddish-white ; irides golden-yellow ; cheeks 

 and gill-covers rich golden-yellow. 



Fin-rays: dorsal, 10; pectoral, 16-17; ventral, 9-10; 

 anal, 1012; caudal, 19. 



All who have read the " Complete Angler " know that 

 the discourse on " Fishing" commences with an account of 

 the ''logger-headed chub," how to fish for him and how 

 to dress him ; ever since that time this fish has had its 

 votaries, who are constantly recording their successes or 

 their failures. 



The chub is a very timid fish, but when hooked gives 

 some sport. We have had occasionally a good tussle with 

 a three or four pounder when fly-fishing for trout, their 

 first rush being very powerful. 



The chub spawns generally the latter end of April or 

 early in May, depositing the ova on a gravelly bottom 

 under weeds. After spawning it frequents the streams, 

 soon regains its condition, and then returns to the deeper 

 water. It is not found in Ireland. 



THE RUDD. 



The RUDD (Leuciscus erythropthalmus), RED-EYE, FIN- 

 SCALE, SHALLOW. 



The rudd is found in the Thames and in many other 

 rivers of the United Kingdom. It takes the place of the 

 roach in Ireland. Walton and others have considered the 

 rudd to be a hybrid between the roach and the bream, but 

 it appears to be a well-defined species. It is very plenti- 

 ful in the Norfolk broads, and some attain to a weight of 

 2 Ibs. ; one is recorded of over 3 Ibs. They bite very freely, 



