THE SALMON. 237 



the hinder-part of the operculum less angular, than in that 

 of the common trout." 



In the Tweed Salmon Reports, 1867, Mr. Paxton, Super- 

 intendent of the Tweed Fisheries, says: " The salmon- 

 smolt is easily distinguished from the trout-smolt or orange- 

 fin, and from the common river-trout of the same size, by 

 its more slender and tapering body, silvery scales, and 

 black fins. The orange-fin is not so easily distinguished 

 from the river-trout of the same size ; although its white 

 belly, bright orange fins, and fewer and smaller spots 

 cause it to be easily detected by an experienced eye. 

 During the first year of their life the young of three 

 species of Salmonidce belonging to the Tweed are scarcely 

 to be distinguished, and are indiscriminately called parr. 

 They have dark bars across their sides, which are owing 

 to different shades of colour in the true skin ; for, on 

 removing the scales from the smolt, those parr-marks, as 

 they are called, make their appearance." And in answer 

 to Question 49, he says : " When three to six inches in 

 length, the parr-marks disappear, and the salmon-smolt 

 gets a coating of silvery scales, its fins become black ; the 

 trout-smolt has its pectoral fins bright orange" 



Mr. Alexander Mitchell, same Report, says : " The salmon 

 and sea-trout fry are not, in my opinion, distinguishable 

 until they respectively assume the smolt state." 



Mr. Peter Marshall, says " that the parr of the trout 

 has the dead (adipose) fin orange. The rudder-fin is white 

 at the bottom and yellow at the top. They have not so 

 many parr- marks as the parr." 



Mr. Russel ("The Salmon," 1864) says, "Every school- 

 boy on the banks of the Tweed knows at a glance the 

 difference between the smolt of the salmon and of the bull- 

 trout, the black-fin and the orange-fin." 



Dr. Giinther ("Evidence on Trial," June 4, 1872) says : 

 " There is a distinction between the young Salmo salar 

 (the salmon) and a member of the Farios or trout. In the 

 parr of the former I have counted as many as nine or ten 

 crossbars, and in the latter only six or seven." 



Mr. Cholmondeley Pennell (" Angler Naturalist ") says : 



