THE INSECTS. 319 



Leptocerus mger or longicornis. There are twenty-four 

 British species of Leptoceridce, differing slightly from each 

 other. 



Ronalds gives a figure of the SAND-FLY, and places it in 

 the genus Phryganea; but the term " Sand-Fly" is very 

 confusing. In the north, according to the author of "The 

 Angler and the Loop-Line," the sand-fly of that part of 

 England is the Gravel-Bed or Spider-Fly of the south. 

 Order, Diptera; family, Tipulidce. 



Somewhat the same confusion exists as to the STONE- 

 FLIES. The Stone- Fly of Ronalds is Perla bicaudata ; family, 

 Perlidce. Newman, " History of British Insects," places 

 all the stone-flies or Phraganites in the family Phtyganidce ; 

 Westwood places them in the genus Phryganea; and Mr. 

 Cholmondeley-Pennell, " Angler Naturalist," p. 90, gives 

 two figures to represent two states of the Stone-Fly, Phry- 

 ganea grandis (common caddis-worm of anglers). 



"The Planipennia, or true Neuroptera (according to 

 modern ideas), have strongly developed mandibulate mouths, 

 and for the most part monoliform or filiform, often claval 

 antennae. The wings, ordinarily densely reticulate, with 

 very numerous transverse nervules, the membranes hairless, 

 or nearly so ; the pupa ordinarily in a cocoon, active just 

 before its transformation. Planipennia are subdivided into 

 Panorpites (Scorpion-Flies), Sialidce, and Megaloptera" The 

 Panorpites (Scorpion-Flies) are found plentifully in the 

 woods and hedges. 



The Sialidce have the wings depressed and reticulated, 

 with strong nervures, which fre- 

 quently vary on the two sides in 

 the same insect. There is only 

 one indigenous species, which 

 frequents the borders of rivers 



THE ALDER-FLY. 



and streams, Swlts luteus, well 



known as the ALDER-FLY, or ORL-FLY. The body is a 

 deep black ; wings fuscous, with black nervures. The 

 female lays a great quantity of brown conical eggs on the 

 leaves of aquatic plants. The larvae are very active and 

 swim well. 



