CONTENTS 



CHAPTER VII. 



DEFENCES OF INSECTS, OR PROTECTION AS DERIVED FROM 



COLOUR (continued}. 



FACE 



A conspicuously coloured group Objection to colour Different 

 modes of msects of maintaining existence ; possession of nause- 

 ous properties, irritating hairs and spines, the sting, hardness of 

 substance, wonderful vitality, capacity for increase, attitudes 

 Association of bright colour with distasteful qualities Bright 

 colour as a warning ; its value Various combinations of 

 means of defence Resemblance between Warning Colours 

 and patterns ; determining causes of the repetition Distinction 

 between Warning Colours and those produced by courtship 

 Sexual colouring made use of for warning ; its similarity Con- 

 spicuous and nauseous, but non-vital parts One meaning of 

 broad expanse of wing of showy butterflies Mimicry Bates 

 first to explain the facts Butterflies that are objects of 

 mimicry in tropics Their unpalatability indicated by conspicu- 

 ousness and abundance True Mimicry as distinct, from all 

 warning appearances The term Mimicry Mimicry a phase 

 of Protective Resemblance Mimicry of American butterflies, 

 of the Asiatic, of the African, in British Lepidoptera 

 Especially prominent in the female ; interpretation of pheno- 

 menon Affords confirmation of theory that Mimicry is 

 produced by 'natural selection" External conditions," 

 "heredity" An explanation of sexual difference of form 

 and colour Mimetic analogies among beetles Hymenoptera 

 mimicked by Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, 

 Hemiptera Mimicry of Coleoptera Of ants by spiders 

 Of vertebrates Predaceous insects that resemble their prey, or 

 a form to which their prey is indifferent The great frequency 

 of Mimicry in insects 242 



GLOSSARY OF SCIENTIFIC TERMS 275 



INDEX 287 



