CONTENTS xi 



CHAPTER V. 



SOCIAL HOMES (continued). 



I'AGE 



So-called humble-bees Eighteen or twenty species in this country 

 Comparison of their habitations with the hive Description 

 of nest of Carder The coping of moss Interior Dispersion 

 of company and hybernation of females Work of latter in 

 Spring Deep burrowers among British Wild Bees Honey- 

 bees in East Stingless Meliponae and Trigonae of South 

 America and their homes Supposed presence of several 

 fertile females Sentinels to guard the gates True social 

 wasps Their building-material and disposition of combs- 

 Particulars of home of common English wasp British tree- 

 wasps The papery envelope Nest of hornet Description of 

 combs of Polistes and Icarias, without cover Apoica has a 

 cover but not distinct Card-board makers Wasps as 

 honey-gatherers 154 



CHAPTER VI. 



DEFENCES OF INSECTS, OR PROTECTION AS DERIVED FROM 

 COLOUR. 



Need of insects of means of defence Adaptation of their external 

 colouring to conditions of life Protective Resemblances 

 Herein find explanation of first and most wide-spread use of 

 colour among animals Principle of adaptive colouring solved 

 by theory of natural selection Commonness of general 

 harmony between colouring of insects and tints of nature 

 Imitative tints of undersides of wings of butter-flies Special 

 Protective Resemblance "Stick caterpillars" and others- 

 Leaf butterflies British and European Moths Among Or- 

 thoptera Tropical "walking-leaf" and "walking-stick" 

 insects Other insects and spiders Alluring Colouring Re- 

 semblance of Mantises and Spiders to flowers To excreta of 

 birds Changes of colour corresponding to changes of environ- 

 ment Di- and Polymorphism Their value Meaning obscure 

 Variable Protective Resemblance in pupae In larvae In 

 colours of cocoons In perfect insects Variable Protective 

 Resemblance and the origin of colour Power of adjustment 

 of colour is adaptive, and is produced and maintained by 

 natural selection 203 



