60 ROMANCE OF THE INSECT WORLD CHAP. 



lip is well grown, the mandibles arc powerful, the 

 lesser maxillae arc present, and behind these is the 

 labium or inferior lip. And as in the beetle and 

 grasshopper when they arc perfect, the maxillae 

 and labium of the immature caterpillar are in 

 general furnished each with a pair of palpi or feelers. 



Let metamorphoses go on, and the leaf-eating 

 caterpillar becomes a sucking butterfly. A more 

 pronounced example of the Haustellata tribe could 

 not be given, and its dainty feeding organs seem to 

 have nothing in common with the coarser apparatus 

 of mandibulate insects, or with the early larval condi- 

 tion of its own mouth. In a butterfly's mouth the 

 only apparent structures are a more or less long 

 slender trunk or tube, and two scale-like feelers or 

 palpi situated below it. By removing the fine hairs 

 and dense clothing of scales from the front of the 

 head, a small transverse lamina* is seen, and its 

 relative position determines it to be none other than 

 the upper lip that was discovered in the caterpillar, 

 although it is marvellously changed since then. Con- 

 tinuing the investigations, a morsel of skin is observed 

 on either side and beneath the lip, and judging, as in the 

 previous instance, by position, the bits of skin are the 

 remnants of the once strong biting mandibles. Beneath 

 these is the conspicuous trunk, bearing at its base two 

 small palpi, the presence of which leaves no room 

 for doubt that the trunk is formed of the altered 

 maxillae of the caterpillar. Below all is the labium, 

 supporting large instead of the formerly small palpi. 

 Examination thus reveals the fact that the three 

 pairs of mouth-organs of the caterpillar are all 



