276 GLOSSARY 



Atrophied. Arrested in development at an early stage. 



Aurelia. (Lat.). Ancient term used for the pupa, or third stage of 



insect life. 



Bi-pinnate. A pinnate leaf has leaflets on each side of a central stalk 

 or mid-rib. If the division into leaflets is similarly repeated, the 

 leaf is bi-pinnate. In this case the leaflets which are attached to 

 the common stalk are termed the pinnae, and the secondary leaflets 

 the pinnules. 



Branchial. Gills or organs whereby insects, like fishes, breathe the 

 air that is mechanically mixed with water. They are often plate- 

 like expansions of the body-wall, and are largely supplied with air- 

 tubes, or tracheae, which are separated from the water only by the 

 thin walls of the organ. Thus the air contained in the tracheae is 

 readily purified by the air in the water. 



Capillary Attraction. If a capillary tube [that is a tube with a hole so 

 small that it will only admit a hair (capilla)] of glass is placed 

 vertically with its lower end in water, the water rises in the tube 

 to a higher level than the water outside. This has been called 

 Capillary Action, and the term is applied to many other phenomena 

 which depend upon properties of liquids and solids similar to 

 those which cause the action between the capillary tube and the 

 water. 



Cccropia. A genus of trees, order Moraceae. C. peltata is the Trumpet 

 tree of the W. Indies and S. America. Its fibrous bark is used for 

 cordage, and its hollow stem and branches are made into water- 

 pipes and wind instruments. The genus is named from Cecropia, 

 the original name of Athens, in honour of Cecrops its founder, 

 who according to Athenian tradition was first king of Attica. 

 Cecropia was subsequently called Athens by Athena or Minerva, 

 who obtained the right of giving it a name in her quarrel with 

 Neptune. 



Cellular. See Parenchyma. 



Chitine. The peculiar chemical substance which forms most of the 

 hard parts of insects. The chitinous coating, or covering, is 

 formed from underlying skin-cells. 



Chrysalis. A term applied to the third or pupa stage of insects, 

 chiefly that of butterflies and moths. Suggested by the bright 

 metallic spots with which the pupae of certain butterflies are 

 adorned, from the Greek c/irusos, gold. Two forms of this word 

 are in use, chrysalis, pi. chrysalides, and chrysalid, pi. chrysalids. 



Coarctate. Straitened, contracted, confined in a narrow compass, 

 inclosed in a case or covering, so as to give no indication of what 

 is within, as the pupa of some flies. 



Coccus. The genus of insects includes the valuable Cochineal. In 

 these the male is a minute active winged insect, while the female 

 does not acquire wings, and in fact is generally a motionless scale - 

 like mass. 



Cocoon. A case, usually of silken material, formed around the body 

 by many larvae, as those of moths, wherein they change to the 

 resting or pupa stage of existence. 



