282 GLOSSARY 



fancied resemblance to a butterfly, the irregular flowers have been 

 called papilionaceous, or butterfly-like. The flower of the garden 

 pea may be taken as the type. 



Parasite. (From a Greek word, meaning one who eats at the expense 

 of another at table). An animal living in or upon, and at the 

 expense of another. Parasitic, growing in or upon, and deriving 

 support from another. 



Parenchyinatous. The parenchyma of a leaf is the cellular tissue 

 surrounding the vessels or veins, and inclosed within the covering 

 or epidermis. It contains the green colouring matter. It is a 

 tissue composed of short cells, their diameter being nearly equal in 

 every direction. 1}\z. fibro-vascular bundles constitute the veins. 



Pedal. Appertaining to a foot. 



Pedicle. A small short foot-stalk, a little stem. 



Persistent. Constant, not falling off. 



Petiolated. Stalked, supported on a stem. 



Petiole Or leaf-stalk, the stalk supporting the blade or lamina of a leaf, 

 and connecting the blade and the stem. 



Pigment. The colouring matter contained in cells produced generally 

 in the superficial parts of animals. 



Pinnule. See bi-pinnate. 



Poisei's. See Halteres. 



Pollen. Usually minute grains or dust produced within the anthers of 

 flowers, and conveyed to the stigma, by means of which the 

 fecundation of the seeds is effected. This fertilisation is brought 

 about by one or more tubes (pollen tubes) which are put forth by 

 the pollen-grains adhering to the stigma, and penetrate through the 

 tissues until they reach the cavity of the ovary. Here they come 

 into contact with the ovules, the bodies that eventually develop 

 into the seeds. 



Pollinintii) pi. pollinia. In most plants the pollen consists of minute 

 grains, entirely distinct from one another. In some, however, as 

 in the Orchids, the grains are firmly united together by a sticky 

 substance into pollen masses, or pollinia, within the anther lobes. 



Posttrior. Placed after, hinder. 



Proboscis. In butterflies and moths, the sucking tube or trunk formed 

 by the modification of the lower jaws or maxillae. 



Process. A projection, prominence, protuberance. 



Prolegs. Fleshy organs or sucker-feet, enabling caterpillars to grasp 

 firmly stems and other surfaces, and assisting them in their move- 

 ments. These false or abdominal legs are universally present in 

 Lepidopterous larvre, in some Hymenoptera, &c. Their structure 

 is often exceedingly curious, as in the caterpillar of the Goat Moth. 



Pro-thorax. The first of the three segments forming the intermediate 

 region of the body known as the thorax. Its appendages are the 

 anterior pair of legs. 



Pupa. The third of the four chief stages in the development of an 

 insect. Often quiescent, but sometimes active. In this state the 

 wings of the adult exist in a rudimentary condition, and from it 

 the insect emerges in the perfect (winged) reproductive form. The 



