290 



INDEX 



i; 



BALANCE of life between vegetables, 



insect-pests, and parasites, 41 

 Bark and lichen, resemblance to, 209, 213, 



214, 2l8, 222 



Bates, on sauba ant, 134 



on similarity between unpalatable 



butterflies, 251 

 on theory of mimicry, 254 

 theory of mimicry of, confirmed by 

 Wallace's interpretation of the 

 liability of the female to assume this 

 method of defence, 262 ; claim for 

 natural selection to have produced 

 mimicry also favoured by Wallace's 

 interpretation, 262 

 on insects which mimic vertebrates, 



270 ^ 



Beauty of insect architecture, 118 

 Bee, larvae, apodous, 16 

 crop in, 22 

 hive, 73, 156 



Bee hawk moths, mimicry of, 265 

 Bees, leaf-cutting, 82 



mason, solitary, 79 ; social, 164 



carpenter, 75 



parasitic, 49, 273 



mining, 74 



and ants, length of pupal period of, 1 1 



solitary, 73 



as models for mimicry, 265, 266, 267, 



272, 273 

 nursing, 48 



British wild, 74, 79, 82, 154 

 Beetles, bees, successive changes of, 2, 3 



mimetic analogies among, 265 

 Belt, on mimicry of ants by spiders, 269 



on mimicry of hornet by bug, 268 

 Birds and hairy larvae, 245 

 Birth of insects, retarded, 3 t 

 Body of insects, divisible into three 



regions, 15 



regions of, how formed, 15 

 Bombardier beetles, 244 

 Bombi, as models for mimicry, 265 



as models for aggressive mimicry, 273 

 Boinbus lapidarius, 161 

 ntitscorum, 156 



terrestris, most prolific of Bombi, 161 

 Bot flies, parasitism of, 37 

 Branchiae, 27 

 Breathing energy of grub and adult insect 



compared, 26 

 Bright colour as a warning, 247 



its value, 247, 248 



Brilliancy may enhance concealment, 206 

 British, and European moths, special pro- 

 tection of, 218 

 Autumn and winter moths, protective 



tints of, 219 



lepidoptera, protective mimicry in, 260 



wild bees, 154 ; popular names of, 154 ; 



eighteen or twenty species in this 



country, 155; comparison of habita- 



tions with hive, 156, 162; deep bur- 

 rowers, compared with carder, 162 ; 

 compared with hive, 162 

 tree wasps, 175 

 V. Britannica, globe-like dwelling of, 



!75 

 caterpillars which mimic vertebrates, 



270 



Broad expanse of wing of showy butter- 

 flies, one explanation of, 253 

 Bug, mimicry of, 268 

 Bull's horn, standing army of, 149 

 Butterflies, successive changes of, 2 

 preparation for change to pupa, 9 

 and flies, crop in, 22 

 wings of, easily seized by enemy, 253 

 that are objects of mimicry, 254 ; proof 

 that they are specially protected, 

 255 ; on other hand that mimickers 

 need protection, 256 

 protective resemblance of, 209, 215 

 mimicry in, 258 



CADDIS, acquisition of locomotion of,at end 

 of pupa, 12 



homes of, 105 

 Calandra, larvae of, 99 

 Capincha, dung of, forms nest of Myrape- 



tra, 197 



Carabidae, nauseousness of, while not con- 

 spicuous, 248 

 Card-board makers, 186 



enormous size of nests, 187 

 Carder Bee, description of nest, 156 



dispersion of company, 160 



formation of society in spring, 160 

 Career of insects after entering perfect 



stage, 13 

 Carpenter ants, 120, 146 



F. fuliginosa.) residences in trees, 146 



in roots, 147 



wood carved by becomes black, 147 

 Carpenter bees, 75 

 Caterpillars, with a liking for wax, 42 



destructive to vine, 101 



social, societies of, 119 



gregarious habits of, a "warning," 248 



variable protective resemblance in, 238 



unpleasant properties possessed by, 

 244, 245, 246 



mimicking snakes, 270 

 Cecropia, 150 

 Chcerocampa elpenor, mimicry of larva of, 



270 



Chalicodoma, 79 

 Changes of colour corresponding to changes 



of environment, 226 

 Chartergus apicalis, nest, grace of, 189 



interior of nest, 189 



spindle, 189 



axes, 189 



accessory props, 190 



mode of enlargement, 191 



fragility of, 191 



