INDEX 



291 



Chartergns ckartariits, nest, 187 

 card-board of, 187 

 Reaumur on, 188 



shape and size of nest, mode of attach- 

 ment, 188 

 interior, 188 



mode of enlargement, 189 

 Chelostomes, 81 

 Cherry galls, 92 

 Chiguana, or Lecheguana wasp, 198 



Azara on, 198 

 Chitine, 20 

 Choice of vegetable food for insects, almost 



limitless, 34 



Chrysalides, variable protective resem- 

 blance in, 232 



supposed photographic sensitiveness 

 , (. 2 33 



Chrysalis, term for pupa stage, 10 

 Chrysididae, 246 

 Cicindela, colour of, an exact reproduction 



of colour of surroundings, 208 

 C. campestris, habits of larvae, 100 

 Clothes moth, 103 

 Coarctate state of flies, 9, ir 

 Cocoons, as shelters for pupae, 9 

 Cold, damp, effects on larvas, 8 

 Coleoptera, mimicking hymenoptera, 267 

 mimicked by orthoptera, 268 

 offensiveness of, 244 

 as models for mimicry, 265, 266, 268 

 Colour, among animals, most widespread 



use of, for protection, 205 

 origin of, not explained by variable 



protective resemblance, 240 

 adjustment of, is adaptive, 241 ; is 

 produced and maintained by natural 

 selection, 241 



protection as derived from, 203, 242 

 of surroundings, exact reproduction of 



general, 208 

 changes of, to correspond with changes 



of environment, 226 

 bright, association of with distasteful 



qualities, 246 



Colouring, external, adaptation of, to con- 

 ditions of life, 204 



Complete metamorphoses, examples of, 2 

 Concealment, of Sphinx ligustri, 208 

 brilliancy may enhance, 206 

 manoeuvre to effect, 209 

 Conspicuous colour in insects, objection 



to, 243 

 Conspicuous and nauseous but non-vital 



parts, 252 



Conspicuously coloured insects, 243 

 Courtship, colours produced by, distinction 

 between, and warning colours, 

 250 



Crematogaster, nest of, 151 

 Cricket, field, home of, 108 



mole, home of, 107 

 Crickets, mimicking sand-wasps, 267 

 mimicking tiger-beetles, 268 

 metamorphoses of, 3 

 Crop, 22, 53 



"Cuckoo bees " and flies, 273 

 Currant galls, 92 

 Cutting ant, the, 144 



DANAIDTE, similarity to Heliconidae, 252 

 as models for mimicry, 254, 258, 260 

 Darwin, on "walking-stick" insect, 222 

 on dimorphism, 230 

 on individual differences, 231 

 Dead Sea fruits, 94 

 Death's Head Moth as a thief, 36 

 Deep burrowers among British wild bees, 



161 

 Defences, insect, or protection as derived 



from colour, 203, 242 

 need of, by insects, 203 

 variety of means of, 243 

 usually attended by warning colours, 



248 



Defensive appliances, combination of, ex- 

 planation of, 272 



Deterioration of organs, law of, when non- 

 employed, 62 

 Diet, changes of, at different stages of 



life, 46 

 of lepidoptera, when young, 46 ; when 



mature, 46 

 of hymenoptera, when young, 47, 85 ; 



when mature, 47, 85 

 Digestion of food in stomach, 22 

 Digestive system, of larvae, 21 



in perfect insects, 21, 22 

 Dimorphic pupae, certain, non-susceptible, 



237 



Dimorphism, 228 

 its value, 229 

 meaning obscure, 229, 231 

 in lepidopterous larvae, 228, 229 

 in perfect insects, 229, 230 

 in spiders, 229 



action of natural selection in, 230, 231 

 Diptera mimicking hymenoptera, 266 



aggressive mimicry of, 272 

 Distasteful qualities, not necessarily 

 associated with warning colours, 248 

 association of bright colour with, 246 

 Distinction between warning colours and 



those produced by courtship, 250 

 Drone fly, mimicry of, 267 

 Dytiscus, breathing apparatus of, 28 



E 



EAR-WIGS, metamorphoses of, 3 

 Eggs, forms of, 4 



footstalks, 4 



colours, 4 



ornamental patterns, 4 



outer coat, 4 



modes of deposition, and localities 

 where placed, 4 



requirements for development, 4 



endurance of cold, 5 



of insects attacked by parasitic hymen- 

 optera, 40 



U 2 



