294 



INDEX 



Leaf-cutting bees 



M. centuncularis 82 



the upholsterer, 84 



exotic species, 84 

 Leaf-insects, 221 

 Leaf-rolling caterpillars, 101, 102 

 Leaf-sewing caterpillars, 102 

 Lecheguana, 199 

 Legs, larva? of flies destitute of, 16 



difference between true and false, 17 

 Length, of larval life, 8 



of life of insects, 14 

 Lepidoptera, mimicry in, 254, 258 



protective resemblance to bark and 

 lichen, 213, 214, 218 



offensiveness of, 244, 245 



protective pupal covering of, 10 



high adaptation to floral diet. 62 



mimicking hymenoptera, 265 

 Lepidopterous eggs attacked by parasites, 



40 



Leptalis, mimicry in, 259 

 Life history of insects, character of, 2 



story of, 5 



often an ephemeral span, 14 

 Linnaeus, on adoption of term larva, 5 

 Locomotion, acquisition of power of, at end 



of pupal period, 12 

 Locusts, voyages of, 29 



metamorphoses of, 3 



mimicking a tiger-beetle, 268 

 Lubbock, Sir John, on ants as cattle 

 breeders, 44 



on honey ant of Australia, 53 

 Lycosa. piratica, 117 

 Lycosides, 113 



M 



MANNER of adjustment of pupal colour, 



discarded theory, 233 

 Manoeuvre, to effect imitation of surround- 



_ ings, 209 



Mantidse, aggressive resemblances in, 223, 

 226 



aggressive mimicry of, 272 

 Mantis, resembling white ants, 272 

 Mantises, resemblance to flowers, 223 



to excreta of birds, 226 

 Mason ants, 51, 119, 128 



nest of F. brunnea, 129 



building material, 129 



Huber on, 129, 130 



moisture necessary to, 130 



work after dusk and during rain, 131 



of New World, 51, 56, 135 

 Mason bees, social, 164 

 Mason bees, solitary, 79 



Osmia and Chalicodoma, architecture 

 of, 79 



C. muraria, building operations, 79 



occupation of old nests, 81 

 May-fly, pseudo-imago state of, 13 

 McCook, Dr., on honey ant, 53 



on Occident ant of American plains, 

 M3 



Megachile, 82 



Meldola, on photographic sensitiveness of 



chrysalides, 233 



Prof., on the larva of S. ligustri, 227 



Prof. , explanation of general similarity 



in groups of unpalatable butterflies, 



2 5i 



on aggressive mimicry of ant-like 



spiders, 273 



Meliponafasciculata, 164 

 Mehponae, domestication of, 166 



supposed presence of several fertile 



females in colonies, 164 

 homes of, compared with hive, 164 

 restricted to New World, 166 

 Metamorphic stages, considered in detail, 3 



changes, apparent suddenness of, 31 

 Metamorphoses of insects, i 



study of structures implicated in, 15 

 explanation of, 30 

 old ideas of, 14 

 modern theory, 14 

 is a progressive development, 15 

 Mimetic analogies among beetles, 265 

 Mimicry, a phase of protective resem- 

 blance, 258 

 natural selection concerned alike in 



both phenomena, 258 

 the term, 257 



true, confined to tropics, cause of, 274 

 frequency and perfection of, in insects, 



some reasons of, 274 

 as distinct from all warning appear- 

 ances, 256 



two supposed explanations of, 263 

 is produced by natural selection, 258, 

 262 ; conclusive argument in favour 

 of theory, 262 

 Bates, Mr., on, 254 



Mimicry of ants by spiders, 269, 272, 273 

 Mimicry of butterflies, American, 255, 258 

 Asiatic, 260 

 African, 260 



Mimicry of coleoptera by orthoptera, 268 

 Mining bees, 74 

 Andrenidse, 74 

 Halictus, 74 



Mishna, record of ants in, 55 

 Modification of internal organs during 



metamorphoses, 21 

 Mole cricket, home of, 107 

 Moths, British and European, special pro- 

 tection of, 218 

 Moults of larvae, 6 

 frequency of, 7 



Moults of lining of internal organs, 6 

 Mouth organs, as appendages of head, 19 

 Miiller, Fritz, explanation of resemblance 



of unpalatable butterflies, 251 

 upon a S. American Swallow-tail, 237 

 Mushroom growers, saiiba ants as, 135 

 Muslin moth, probable mimicry of, 260 

 Mygalida?, tunnels of, 109 

 Myrapctra scutellaris, 196 



tuberculated covers of nest, 197 



nest, formed of dung of Capincha, 197 



