2 9 6 



INDEX 



Predaceous insects that resemble their 



prey, 272, 273 



or a form to which their prey is in- 

 different, 273 

 Privet Hawk Moth, brilliant colour of, 



enhances concealment, 208 

 change of colour of larva, 227 

 Problems of economy of societies, of 



Polishes, 183, 184 

 of Icarias, 184 



Proboscis of butterflies, how formed, 60, 62 

 appendages of, 63 

 use of, 62, 63 

 position in rest, 63 

 various lengths, 64 

 ascent of fluid in, 64 

 Protection of insects by means other than 



protective colouring, 243 

 by nauseous properties, 244 

 by irritating hairs, and spines, 245, 246 

 by the sting, 246 

 hardness of substance, &c., 246 

 Protective mimicry, 254 

 in lepidoptera, 254, 258 

 by female butterflies only, 261 ; inter- 

 pretation of phenomenon affords 

 confirmation of theory that mimicry 

 is produced by natural selection, 

 262 



in British lepidoptera, 260 

 Protective pupal covering of Lepidoptera, 



10 

 Protective resemblance, 204 



herein find explanation of first and 

 most widespread use of colour among 

 animals, 205 

 in butterflies and moths, 209, 215, 218, 



. 2I 9 L 



in orthoptera, 219 



in beetles, bugs, spiders, 208, 209, 222 



specialised forms of, 210 



distinguished from protective mimicry, 



252, 256, 258 



Providence of European ants, 55, 57, 146 

 Pseudo-imago, 13 



Psithyrus, aggressive mimicry of, 273 

 Psychidae, building performances of, 103 

 Pupa, state of, various terms for, 10 



meaning of term, 10 



nature of condition in insects with 

 complete metamorphoses, n, 33 



length of period, n ; determining 

 causes, 12 



indications of approaching change, 12 



change to imago, 13 

 Pupae, freshly-formed, description of, 9 



shelters for, 8 



butterflies, preparation for change to, 9 

 Puss Moth, mimicry of larva, 271 



elaborate means of defence of larva, 

 272 



QUIESCENCE, of the death-like period of, 

 ", 33 



RAFT spider, u6 



Reaumur, experiments of, regarding de- 

 velopment of chrysalis, 12 



on hornet, 179 



on Chartergus chartarius 188 

 Regionsof body of insects, how formed, 15 

 Remarkable instance of foresight of ants, 



Resemblance, between warning colours 

 and patterns, determining causes of 

 repetition, 249, 250 

 of spiders to ants, explanation of, 270, 



272, 273 

 of mantis to white ants, explanation, 



272 

 Respiration, increase of, at change to 



imago, 12 



of insects in water, 27, 28 

 Respiratory system in insects, 26 

 Restriction, of larger herbivorous animals 



to certain parts of plants, 35 

 of one species of insect to one species 

 of tree for resemblance sake, 209 ; 

 usefulness of, 209 

 usual, of insects to vegetable or animal 



diet, 45 ; exceptions, 45 

 Retarded birth of insects, 3 

 Robin-Redbreast's pincushion, 92 



SALIVARY GLANDS, 23 



in lepidopterous larvae, 19, 23 

 Sand-wasps, 87 



as models for mimicry, 267 

 Saiiba ant, 133 



nests where found, 133 



domes, 133 



underground earth-works, extra- 

 ordinary dimensions of, 133 



Mr. Bates on, 134 



chambers, entrances, latter generally 

 closed, 134 



leaf-cutting propensities, 134 



as mushroom growers, 135 

 Saus-ure, on entrances to nest hornet, 179 

 Sawflies, defensive fluid of larvae, 244 



as objects of mimicry, 267 

 Scarabaeidae beetles, larvae of, 98 

 Scolytiis destructor, larvae, 98 

 Segments, body of insects formed of, 15 



of thorax, how recognised, 17 

 Scsia apiformis, caterpillars of, 95 

 Sesiidse, mimicry of, 265 

 Sexton or burying beetles, 37 

 Sexual difference of form and colour, an 



explanation of, 263 



Sexual colours, made use of for warning, 

 251 ; their similarity, 251 



their transition to warning colours, 251 



and warning colours, difference 

 between, 250 



