INDEX 



297 



Shelters for pupae, 8 

 Silk of lepidopterous larva, 19 

 Similarity between unpalatable forms, their 

 possession of element of mimicry, 252 

 Size, of inssct-architecture as compared 



with makers, 118 



of tracheae of larvae of bee family, 27 

 Skin of insects, 18. 20 

 Snakes as models for mimicry, 270 

 Social, wasps and bees, feeding their 



young, 48, 49 

 homes, 118, 154 

 caterpillars, societies of, 119 

 Solitary, homes, various kinds of, 73 

 bees, 73 

 architects, homes of, for own use, 95, 



107 ; for young, 72 

 Spangle galls, 92 



Specialised forms of protective resem- 

 blance, 210 



Sphecia apiformis, mimicry of, 265 

 Sphingidae as honey-gatherers, 64 

 Sphinx ligustri, increasa of, 7 



brilliant colour of, enhances conceal- 

 ment, 208 



change of colour of larva, 227 

 Prof. Meldola on, 227 

 Sphinx moths, length of pupal period of, 



ii 

 Spiders, resembling ants, explanation of, 



270, 272, 273 



ordinary tube-constructing, 109 

 homes of, English, 109, 115 

 protective resemblance of, 222 

 resemblance to flowers, 224 

 resemblance to excreta of birds, 226 ; 



explained by natural selection, 226 

 mimicking ants, 269, 272, 273 

 Spilosoma menthastri, probably a model 



for mimicry, 260 

 Spinneret, the, 19 

 Spiracles, 26 



position and design of, 27 



of abdomen and of thorax compared, 



27 



St. Hilaire, on honey wasps, 199 

 Standing army of bull's horn, 149 

 Stick caterpillars, special protective re- 

 semblance of, 2 10 



Stingless bees of South America, 163, 166 

 Meliponae, 163, 166 

 supposed presence of several fertile 



females in colonies, 164, 166 

 homes of, compared with hive, 16}. 

 M. fasciculata^ 164 ; appoints senti- 

 nels to guard the gates, 165 

 Trigona, nests of, 166 

 Stomach, the, 21, 22 



digestion of food in, 22 

 Story of life-history of insects, 5 

 Strange food of young of fossorial hyinen- 



pptera, 85 



Strepsiptera, parasites on bees, 37 

 Structure of a wing, 18 

 Study of structures implicated in metamor- 

 phoses, 15 



Synageles picata, mimicry of, 269 

 Syneiitosyna formica, mimicry of, 269 



TABBY, larva of, 41 

 Tatuz jnorio, and nest, 192 

 Thorax, development of, 17 



appendages of, 16, 18 



segments of, how recognised, 17 



great development of, when it occurs, 



18 



Thrips, metamorphoses of, 3 

 Tiger beetle, a, an object of mimicry, 268 

 Tiger beetles, habits of larvae, 100 



colour of, an exact reproduction of 



colours of surroundings, 208 

 Tinea tapetzella, tube of, 103 

 Tineina and Tortricina, caterpillars of, 101 

 Titanus giganteiis, larvae of, 99 

 Tracheae, and spiracles, function of, 26 



formation of, 26, 27 



development into vesicles, 28 ; use of, 

 28 



of larvae of bee family, size of, 27 

 Tracheal vessels of humble bee, 29 

 Trap-door spiders, no 



typical nest, no 



barricading door, 112 



of southern Europe, 113 



multiplication of precautionary mea- 

 sures, 113 



Mr. Gosse on, 112 

 Treat, Mrs., on a dome-constructing 



spider, 114 



Tree wasps, British, 175 

 Trichoptera, homes of larvae, 105 

 Trigona, exists both in Old and New 

 Worlds, 163, 166 



honey of, 166 



nests of, 1 66 



True legs of insects, their nature, develop- 

 ment, 16, 17 



Tube of Tinea tapetzella, 103 

 Turret spiders, 113 

 Two classes of legs, number of, 16 



U 



UNDERSIDES of wings of butterflies, sober 



tints of, 209 



imitative tints of, 209, 215, 216, 253 

 concealment afforded effective, 210, 216 

 Unpleasant qualities possessed by cater- 

 pillars, 244, 245, 246 

 Upholsterer, the, bee, 84 



VAKIABLE protective resemblance, 231 



history of discovery of, in pupse of 



butterflies, 232 

 in caterpillars, Mr. Poulton on, 239 



