INDEX 



Variable protective resemblance 



in cocoons, 240 



probable in certain perfect insects, 240 



no explanation of the origin of colour, 



240 

 Vegetable food, choice of, almost limitless 



for insects, 34 

 Vegetation that is poisonous or distasteful 



to higher animals, 35 



Vertebrates, insects which mimic, 270, 271 

 Vespa. britannica, beautiful globe-like 



dwelling of, 175 



Vespa orientalis, an object of mimicry, 266 

 Vespa vulgaris, particulars of home, 168 



formation of home, and of society, 169 



dissolution of company, 173 



pendent nests of, 175 



as object of mimicry, 272 

 Vespidae, 167 



beauty and delicacy of architecture, 

 167 



building material, 168 



disposition of combs, 168 

 Vine, caterpillars destructive to, 101 

 Volucella, aggressive mimicry of, 272 

 Voyages of locusts, 29 



W 



" WALKING LEAF " insect, 221 

 "Walking stick" insects, 221, 222 

 Wallace, on Kalliina paralekta, 215, 217 

 on a "walking stick" insect, 221 

 on dimorphism, 230 

 on protective mimicry in British le- 



pidoptera, 260 

 on liability of female butterflies to 



assume protection of mimicry, 262 

 Warning, sexual colours made use of for, 



2 5i 



Warning, a, bright colour as, 247 

 Warning colours, and those produced by 



courtship, distinction between, 250 

 defences usually attended by, 249 

 and patterns, resemblance between, 249 

 in caterpillars, 244, 245 

 Wasp, defensive bright colours of, 247 

 Wasps, as objects of mimicry, 265, 266, 267, 



272 



British tree, 175 

 as honey gatherers, 198, 200 

 Wasps' nest, enlargement of, 175 



papery envelope of, its fabrication ; 

 imbrication of sheets, 176, 177 



Wasps' nests, without cover, 180, 183 



with cover, but not distinct, 184 

 Water-spiders, 115 



Wax, caterpillars with a liking for, 42 

 Weevils, subject to parasites, 40 



colour of, exactly reproduces colour of 



surroundings, 209 



White ants as objects of mimicry, 272 

 White Ermine Moth, probable object of 



mimicry, 260 



Wild bees, British. 74, 79, 82, 154 

 Wings, condition of, at assumption of 



imago state, 13 

 of butterflies, meaning of dull colours 



of undersides of, 209, 210 

 attachment of, 17 

 structure of, 18 



association of, with function of re- 

 spiration, 1 8 

 broad expanse of, of showy butterflies, 



one explanation of, 253 

 Wood carved by F. fuliginosa becomes 



black, 147 



Wood ant, home, 120 

 various names of, 120 

 external conformation of home, 120 

 internal plan of dome, and dwelling 



underground, 120, 122 

 doors, 122 

 swarming, and regulation of society, 



123 ' 



care of young, 124 

 a solitary "queen" as founder of a 



colony, 126 

 singularity of preference for open-air 



life, 127 



precaution against attack, 122, 127 

 closure of apertures of dwelling, 127 

 in Scotland, 128 

 in warm climates, 128 

 Wood-carving ants, 146 

 F. fnliginosa, 146 

 F. aethiops, habits of, 147 

 F.jffava, habits of, 147 



Xylocopa violacea, interesting home of, 75 



YELLOW ant, ingenuity in building, 147 



THE END. 



RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BUNGAY. 



