SCALE-INSECTS. 



mixture must now be pumped through a force pump for about five 

 minutes, directing the stream back into the pail, until it forms a 

 perfect emulsion. As a summer wash for San Jose and other 

 scales on apple, pear, etc., dilute nine times with cold water. For 

 use on peach, dilute fifteen times. 



The following summer wash for San Jose scale on deciduous 

 trees is recommended by the California State Board of Horti- 

 culture : 



No. .5. Whale oil soap (80 per cent.). 20 Ibs. 



Sulphur 3 Ibs. 



Caustic soda (98 per cent.) .... 1 Ib. 



Commercial potash 1 Ib. 



Water to make 100 Ibs. 



Boil the sulphur, soda and potash in two gallons of water for 

 one hour, or until thoroughly dissolved. Dissolve the soap by 

 boiling it in water, then add to the other, mix and boil for a short 

 time when it may be applied hot. 



Winter Washes. In order to thoroughly destroy the San 

 Jose scale, it will be necessary to use the following winter wash, 

 which is much stronger than any of the preceding and must be ap- 

 plied only when the tree is dormant. If applied in the growing 

 season, it will cause the loss of both foliage and fruit. It is recom- 

 mended by Professor Riley as giving the best results of all for use 

 as a winter wash against this particular scale. It therefore needs- 

 no further commendation : 



No. 0. Kesiii 30 Ibs. 



Caustic soda (70 per cent.). . . 1) Ibs. 



Fish oil 44 pints. 



Water to make 100 gals. 



Prepare by placing all the ingredients in a large boiler, and 

 pouring over them about 20 gallons of water. Boil briskly for 

 three hours, or until the compound is perfectly soluble in water. The 

 boiler must now be slowly filled up with hot water, care being taken 

 to stir well, until it makes 50 gallons of hot solution. This should 



