ment is the most difficult of all to overcome. 

 A portion of these experiments are numbered, 

 and the results obtained, stated as observed, at 

 different dates up to this time, October, 1882, 



No. 1. Concentrated lye of the American Lye 

 Co., one pound; water, two gallons. Feb- 

 ruary 22, 1881 Applied by spray upon 

 two peach trees infected by scale; washed in 

 the afternoon when the trees were dry; effect, 

 scale killed ; the tenderest wood was killed also. 

 July 5, 1881 New wood grown over the trees 

 four and five feet long. 



No. 2. Concentrated lye, one pound; water, 

 two gallons. March 10, 1881 Applied by spray 

 upon two peach trees infested by scale, washed 

 in the morning when the trees were damp with 

 dew. July 5, 1881 Scale killed; buds and 

 twigs not injured; fruit abundant and trees 

 most healthy. 



No. 3. Concentrated lye, one and one-half 

 pounds; water, one gallon. June 23, 1881 Ap- 

 plied by pouring from a dipper upon two pear 

 trees infested with scale and with numerous 

 limbs dead. Lye so strong as to burn bark and 

 foliage. August 2, 1881 Scale entirely des- 

 stroyed; bark being restored and new foliage 

 appearing. 



No. 4. Concentrated lye, one pound; water, 

 one gallon. July 5, 1881 Applied by spray 

 upon a large apple tree badly infested by scale; 

 bark and leaves burned. August 2, 1881 Scale 

 killed; green layer of bark being rapidly re- 

 stored and new leaves and blossoms appearing 

 all over the tree. The foregoing trees have 

 since been mostly killed by the application of a 

 low grade of coal oil. 



No. 5. Concentrated lye, one pound; water, 

 one gallon. February, 1881 One almond tree, 

 one Easter Beurre pear tree and two apple trees, 

 grafted, were washed by brush with this 

 strength of lye in order to destroy the red 

 spider and its eggs, which could not be de- 

 stroyed by previous applications of lye, one 

 pound to five gallons, and also one pound to 

 three gallons; another and the main reason 

 being to ascertain the effects of very strong lye 

 upon the trees. No scale upon these trees. 

 This application destroyed the red spider and 

 its eggs on these trees so that it did not appear 

 for months; but, however, later on the trees be- 

 came again infested. While the strong lye will 

 destroy a large number of the eggs of the red 

 spider it is found that all cannot be reached. 

 The effect upon the bark and health of these 

 trees was wonderfully good, the bark being very 

 smooth and having a bright green, velvety ap- 

 pearance and totally free from all moss or other 

 parasites. 



No. 6. Concentrated lye, one pound; water, 

 one gallon. The experiments in this number 

 were made upon a section of orchard in a square 

 block comprising 357 Ickworth plum trees, cut 

 down and grafted into Petite prune; some year- 

 ling prune trees having been put in in places 

 and washed as were the plums, of these 126 

 trees were washed in February, 1881, with the 

 above strong lye, applied with a brush. Among 

 the 357 trees were eight trees badly infested 

 with scale. No others had any scales upon 

 them. The infested trees were scattered about 

 as follows, and washed as indicated: 



No. 10 in first row and 4 in llth row were 

 washed with lye, one pound to three gallons of 

 water. The effect was not quite sufficient to 

 completely destroy the scale, though so in- 

 jured that they did not breed. Afterward 

 these two trees were washed with one pound to 

 one gallon, and this effectually ended the scale. 

 No. 7 in Cfch row, 10 in 7th row, 11 in 12fch 

 row, 8 in 14th row, 3 in 17th row and 11 in 

 17ch row were washed with lye, one pound to 

 one gallon of water, with the effect of com- 

 pletely destroying every scale upon them, and 

 not one has appeared upon any of these trees* 

 since that time. These trees have been in the 

 finest possible condition from, the time of this 

 application. 



Among the trees not washed with the strong 

 lye, two were found, in June, 1882, to have 

 scale upon them; one of these, the top having 

 become badly broken by wind, was dug out and 

 burned, the other was washed soon as discov- 

 ered with the whale-oil soap and sulphur mixt- 

 ure; owing to the foliage upon the tree not 

 every part of it could be touched. Yet, how- 

 ever, the scale was destroyed, so far as could be 

 found. 



No. 7. Concentrated lye, 1 pound to one and 

 one-half gallons water. Five Bartlett pear trees 

 obtained from the nursery and planted in 1881 

 and scattered among a considerable number, al- 

 though carefully examined at the time for scale,, 

 were found in June, 1881, to have a few scales 

 upon them. These were at once washed with 

 the above strength of lye, which destroyed the 

 scale completely upon three of those o trees,so that 

 none subsequently appeared. On two of them, 

 however, a live scale or two must have remained 

 on the trunk of the tree at the surface of the 

 ground untouched by the lye, as in September 

 following a few young scales were discovered, 

 located close to the ground. These were again 

 washed in the same manner. Since that wash- 

 ing no scale has been found upon either of these 

 trees until this month (Oct. 16, 1882). On one 

 of them has been found a few young scale. The 

 tree was immediately washed with the whale- 

 oil soap and sulphur mixture. On another 

 Bartlett pear tree, not, however, numbered with 

 the above, was found some scales, Nov. 7, 1881. 

 This tree, being entirely dormant, was washed 

 with lye one pound to one gallon water, com- 

 pletely destroying the scale, as none can be 

 found on it this year. Among the Yellow Egg 

 plum trees, one was found January, 1882, with 

 scale upon it, and washed at once with lye one 

 pound to one gallon water, and repeated in Feb- 

 ruary. No scale were left, as none can ba found 

 at this date. Another Egg plum tree was found 

 infested in June of this year. To this was ap- 

 plied, by a brush, the whale-oil soap and 

 sulphur mixture with some lye added. 

 No scale can now be found upon it. 



The trees in experiments five, six and seven are 

 in an orchard of 50 acres. I have constantly 

 and carefully watched all these trees, and at 

 this date no scale can be discovered in the en- 

 tire orchard. Should any hereafter appear, the 

 treatment will be by lye one Ib. to one gallon 

 water. With this success in my two years' in- 

 dividual practice, I feel justified in repeating 

 the statement I made at the first State 

 Fruit Growers' Convention, that young orchards 



